Plant Anatomy: Secondary Growth
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Questions and Answers

Where are the intercalary meristems found in bamboo?

  • At the tips of the stem
  • At the roots of the plant
  • At the nodes of the stem (correct)
  • At the base of the leaves

    • What is the function of intercalary meristems in bamboo?

  • To allow for rapid stem elongation (correct)
  • To produce new roots
  • To produce new leaves
  • To repair damaged leaves

    • What is the function of intercalary meristems in grass leaf blades?

  • To produce new stem growth
  • To repair damaged leaves (correct)
  • To produce new roots
  • To allow for rapid leaf elongation

    • What do intercalary meristems allow for in plants?

    <p>Rapid growth and regrowth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are intercalary meristems found in grass?

    <p>In the leaf blades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of intercalary meristems?

    <p>They are capable of cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a result of intercalary meristem activity in plants?

    <p>Rapid stem elongation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the root cap?

    <p>To protect the meristematic cells from damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which stage of root development do cells stop elongating and maturing?

    <p>When the root becomes stationary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the root after cells have matured and elongated?

    <p>It becomes stationary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the zone of developing root?

    <p>It is the region of highest cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cells in the root cap?

    <p>To protect the meristematic cells from damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of development do cells elongate and mature?

    <p>When cells start to differentiate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a root that has reached maturity?

    <p>It becomes stationary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the root cap in plant development?

    <p>It protects the meristematic cells from damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of cell elongation in root development?

    <p>It allows for soil penetration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the zone of developing root?

    <p>To produce new cells through cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of plant growth that distinguishes it from animal growth?

    <p>Localized growth pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do plants exhibit growth?

    <p>Only in specific regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the cells in plant growth regions?

    <p>They have retained the capacity for cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical growth pattern of animals?

    <p>Generalized growth pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of meristems in plant growth?

    <p>They allow for localized growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of plant growth?

    <p>Meristems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of cells in meristems?

    <p>They have retained the capacity for cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of meristems?

    <p>To facilitate localized growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the pattern of plant growth?

    <p>It is localized to specific regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do plants exhibit growth compared to animals?

    <p>Plants exhibit localized growth, while animals exhibit generalized growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Secondary Growth in Woody Plants

    • Conifers and woody dicot shrubs and trees exhibit secondary growth.
    • The stems and roots of woody plants grow in diameter (girth) due to the activity of the vascular cambium (secondary tissue).

    Vascular Cambium

    • The vascular cambium develops between the xylem and phloem.
    • It produces new xylem inside and new phloem outside.

    Cork Cambium

    • Cork cambium is also a secondary tissue that gives rise to the periderm.

    Zones of Developing Root

    • The root cap covers the tip of the root.
    • There are three zones: Central zone (CZ), Peripheral zone (PZ), and Rib zone (RZ).
    • The Central zone (CZ) contains stem cells.
    • The Peripheral zone (PZ) produces leaf primordia.
    • The Rib zone (RZ) lies below the CZ and generates the central tissue.

    Root Growth

    • After cells start to elongate and mature, no further extension takes place, and the root is stationary for the rest of its life.

    Intercalary Meristems

    • Intercalary meristems are found at nodes of bamboo and allow for rapid stem elongation.
    • They are also found in grass leaf blades and allow for rapid regrowth of damaged leaves.

    Plant Meristems

    • Plant growth is limited to certain regions where cells retain the capacity for continued cell division.
    • Meristems are sites of cell division and growth in plants.

    Apical Meristem

    • Located under and behind the root cap.
    • Produces cells that give rise to the primary body of the plant.

    Zones of the Root

    Zone of Cell Division

    • Area of active cell division.
    • Gives rise to the three primary meristems:
      • Protoderm (gives rise to epidermis).
      • Procambium (produces xylem and phloem).
      • Ground meristem (produces cortex and pith).

    Quiescent Center

    • Area where cells divide more slowly.
    • Located between the apical meristem and the root cap.

    Zone of Cell Elongation

    • Cells stretch and lengthen in this zone.
    • Small vacuoles coalesce and fill with water, causing cellular expansion.

    Zone of Maturation

    • Elongating cells complete their differentiation in this zone.
    • Recognizable by the presence of root hairs extending into the soil.

    Intercalary Meristem

    • Found only in monocot stems.
    • No further extension takes place after cells start to elongate and mature.

    Root Cap

    • Covers the tip of the root.
    • Protects the root cells from drying out and facilitates water movement from the soil into the plant.

    Meristem Classification

    • Meristems are classified by their location in plants as:
      • Apical Meristems (AMs) at the ends of roots and stems
      • Lateral Meristems (LMs) in the vascular and cork cambia

    Apical Meristems

    • Located underneath and behind the root cap
    • Produces cells that give rise to the primary body of the plant
    • Consists of three zones:

      Zone of Cell Division

      • Area of active cell division
      • Quiescent center: an area where cells divide slowly

    Organization of Root Apical Meristem

    • Organizes to form three primary meristems:
      • Protoderm: gives rise to the epidermis
      • Procambium: produces xylem and phloem
      • Ground meristem: produces the cortex

    Zone of Cell Elongation

    • Cells stretch and lengthen as small vacuoles within the cytoplasm coalesce and fill with water
    • Cellular expansion responsible for pushing the root cap and apical tip forward through the soil

    Zone of Maturation

    • Elongating cells complete their differentiation in this zone
    • Recognized by the presence of numerous root hairs that extend into the soil as outgrowths of epidermal cells

    Intercalary Meristems

    • Found only in monocot stems
    • Formed at specific sites called meristems

    Nature of Plant Meristems

    • Plant growth is limited to certain regions where cells retain the capacity for continued cell division
    • Unlike animals, which have a generalized growth pattern

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    Description

    This quiz covers the growth patterns of conifers and woody dicot shrubs and trees, focusing on the role of the vascular cambium in secondary growth.

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