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Where are the intercalary meristems found in bamboo?
Where are the intercalary meristems found in bamboo?
What is the function of intercalary meristems in bamboo?
What is the function of intercalary meristems in bamboo?
What is the function of intercalary meristems in grass leaf blades?
What is the function of intercalary meristems in grass leaf blades?
What do intercalary meristems allow for in plants?
What do intercalary meristems allow for in plants?
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Where are intercalary meristems found in grass?
Where are intercalary meristems found in grass?
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What is a characteristic of intercalary meristems?
What is a characteristic of intercalary meristems?
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What is a result of intercalary meristem activity in plants?
What is a result of intercalary meristem activity in plants?
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What is the primary function of the root cap?
What is the primary function of the root cap?
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At which stage of root development do cells stop elongating and maturing?
At which stage of root development do cells stop elongating and maturing?
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What happens to the root after cells have matured and elongated?
What happens to the root after cells have matured and elongated?
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What is the significance of the zone of developing root?
What is the significance of the zone of developing root?
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What is the function of the cells in the root cap?
What is the function of the cells in the root cap?
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During which stage of development do cells elongate and mature?
During which stage of development do cells elongate and mature?
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What is the characteristic of a root that has reached maturity?
What is the characteristic of a root that has reached maturity?
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What is the role of the root cap in plant development?
What is the role of the root cap in plant development?
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What is the significance of cell elongation in root development?
What is the significance of cell elongation in root development?
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What is the primary function of the zone of developing root?
What is the primary function of the zone of developing root?
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What is a characteristic of plant growth that distinguishes it from animal growth?
What is a characteristic of plant growth that distinguishes it from animal growth?
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Where do plants exhibit growth?
Where do plants exhibit growth?
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What is unique about the cells in plant growth regions?
What is unique about the cells in plant growth regions?
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What is the typical growth pattern of animals?
What is the typical growth pattern of animals?
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What is the significance of meristems in plant growth?
What is the significance of meristems in plant growth?
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What is the primary site of plant growth?
What is the primary site of plant growth?
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What is the characteristic of cells in meristems?
What is the characteristic of cells in meristems?
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What is the primary function of meristems?
What is the primary function of meristems?
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What is unique about the pattern of plant growth?
What is unique about the pattern of plant growth?
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How do plants exhibit growth compared to animals?
How do plants exhibit growth compared to animals?
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Study Notes
Secondary Growth in Woody Plants
- Conifers and woody dicot shrubs and trees exhibit secondary growth.
- The stems and roots of woody plants grow in diameter (girth) due to the activity of the vascular cambium (secondary tissue).
Vascular Cambium
- The vascular cambium develops between the xylem and phloem.
- It produces new xylem inside and new phloem outside.
Cork Cambium
- Cork cambium is also a secondary tissue that gives rise to the periderm.
Zones of Developing Root
- The root cap covers the tip of the root.
- There are three zones: Central zone (CZ), Peripheral zone (PZ), and Rib zone (RZ).
- The Central zone (CZ) contains stem cells.
- The Peripheral zone (PZ) produces leaf primordia.
- The Rib zone (RZ) lies below the CZ and generates the central tissue.
Root Growth
- After cells start to elongate and mature, no further extension takes place, and the root is stationary for the rest of its life.
Intercalary Meristems
- Intercalary meristems are found at nodes of bamboo and allow for rapid stem elongation.
- They are also found in grass leaf blades and allow for rapid regrowth of damaged leaves.
Plant Meristems
- Plant growth is limited to certain regions where cells retain the capacity for continued cell division.
- Meristems are sites of cell division and growth in plants.
Apical Meristem
- Located under and behind the root cap.
- Produces cells that give rise to the primary body of the plant.
Zones of the Root
Zone of Cell Division
- Area of active cell division.
- Gives rise to the three primary meristems:
- Protoderm (gives rise to epidermis).
- Procambium (produces xylem and phloem).
- Ground meristem (produces cortex and pith).
Quiescent Center
- Area where cells divide more slowly.
- Located between the apical meristem and the root cap.
Zone of Cell Elongation
- Cells stretch and lengthen in this zone.
- Small vacuoles coalesce and fill with water, causing cellular expansion.
Zone of Maturation
- Elongating cells complete their differentiation in this zone.
- Recognizable by the presence of root hairs extending into the soil.
Intercalary Meristem
- Found only in monocot stems.
- No further extension takes place after cells start to elongate and mature.
Root Cap
- Covers the tip of the root.
- Protects the root cells from drying out and facilitates water movement from the soil into the plant.
Meristem Classification
- Meristems are classified by their location in plants as:
- Apical Meristems (AMs) at the ends of roots and stems
- Lateral Meristems (LMs) in the vascular and cork cambia
Apical Meristems
- Located underneath and behind the root cap
- Produces cells that give rise to the primary body of the plant
- Consists of three zones:
Zone of Cell Division
- Area of active cell division
- Quiescent center: an area where cells divide slowly
Organization of Root Apical Meristem
- Organizes to form three primary meristems:
- Protoderm: gives rise to the epidermis
- Procambium: produces xylem and phloem
- Ground meristem: produces the cortex
Zone of Cell Elongation
- Cells stretch and lengthen as small vacuoles within the cytoplasm coalesce and fill with water
- Cellular expansion responsible for pushing the root cap and apical tip forward through the soil
Zone of Maturation
- Elongating cells complete their differentiation in this zone
- Recognized by the presence of numerous root hairs that extend into the soil as outgrowths of epidermal cells
Intercalary Meristems
- Found only in monocot stems
- Formed at specific sites called meristems
Nature of Plant Meristems
- Plant growth is limited to certain regions where cells retain the capacity for continued cell division
- Unlike animals, which have a generalized growth pattern
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Description
This quiz covers the growth patterns of conifers and woody dicot shrubs and trees, focusing on the role of the vascular cambium in secondary growth.
