Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the term for a flower that has both androecium and gynoecium?
What is the term for a flower that has both androecium and gynoecium?
What is the function of the calyx and corolla in a flower?
What is the function of the calyx and corolla in a flower?
What is the term for a flower that has only one of the essential whorls?
What is the term for a flower that has only one of the essential whorls?
What is the function of the stigma in a flower?
What is the function of the stigma in a flower?
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What is the term for the process of pollen grains being transferred to the stigma?
What is the term for the process of pollen grains being transferred to the stigma?
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What is the function of the ovary in a flower?
What is the function of the ovary in a flower?
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What is the term for a flower that has a stalk?
What is the term for a flower that has a stalk?
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What is the function of the pollen tube?
What is the function of the pollen tube?
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Study Notes
Structure of a Flower
- A flower consists of four floral whorls: calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynaecium, arranged in sequence from outside to inside.
- Androecium and gynaecium are called 'essential whorls' because they perform the function of reproduction.
- Calyx and corolla are called 'accessory whorls' because they are responsible for protecting the inner whorls.
Components of a Flower
- Members of calyx are called 'sepals' and are green in color.
- Members of corolla are called 'petals' and are variously colored.
- Androecium is the male whorl and its members are called 'stamens'.
- Gynaecium is the female whorl and its members are called 'carpels'.
Types of Flowers
- A flower is called 'bisexual' if both androecium and gynaecium are present in the same flower.
- A flower is called 'unisexual' if only one of the essential whorls is present in the flower.
- A unisexual flower with only androecium is called a 'male flower', and a unisexual flower with only gynaecium is called a 'female flower'.
Support and Attachment
- Many flowers have a stalk for support, called a 'pedicel', and are called 'pedicellate'.
- Flowers without a stalk are called 'sessile'.
Reproductive Process
- Ovary is present at the basal end of each carpel, and contains one or many ovules.
- Each ovule contains an embryo sac formed by meiosis, consisting of a haploid egg cell and two haploid polar nuclei.
- Pollination occurs when pollen grains from an anther are transferred to the stigma, either through abiotic or biotic agents.
- Pollen germinates on the sticky stigma, forming a pollen tube that carries male gametes to the embryo sac.
- Fertilization occurs when a male gamete unites with the egg cell to form a zygote.
- Double fertilization occurs when the second male gamete unites with the two polar nuclei to form endosperm.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of flower structure, including the four floral whorls, their functions, and the differences between essential and accessory whorls.
