Which Component Prevents Desiccation: Plant Adaptation Quiz and Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

How does wind speed affect the rate of transpiration?

Stops the process of transpiration

Increases the rate of transpiration (correct)

Has no effect on transpiration

Decreases the rate of transpiration

What happens when moist air is removed quickly in plants?

Rate of transpiration remains constant

Rate of transpiration decreases

Plants stop transpiring

Rate of transpiration increases (correct)

Which factor leads to a greater rate of transpiration in plants?

Limited sunlight

Moist air retention

High wind speed (correct)

Low wind speed

How does increased wind speed impact the removal of moist air in plants?

Increases removal of moist air Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between wind speed and the rate of transpiration in plants?

Proportional relationship Signup and view all the answers

What is the plant's strategy when facing conditions that may lead to excessive water loss?

Close its stomata to prevent leaf drying Signup and view all the answers

Why does the plant close its stomata in adverse conditions?

To conserve water and prevent leaf wilting Signup and view all the answers

What would happen if a plant did not partially close its stomata in dry conditions?

Excessive water loss leading to leaf drying Signup and view all the answers

How does closing stomata affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Reduces the rate of photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for a plant compromising by partially closing its stomata?

Prevent leaves from drying out Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason behind the unbroken columns of water being drawn upwards in xylem vessels?

Hydrogen bonding Signup and view all the answers

Which feature prevents the collapse of vessel walls with reduced water pressure inside them?

Lignification Signup and view all the answers

What purpose do spirals of lignin serve in xylem vessels?

Offer flexibility Signup and view all the answers

What component forms incomplete lignification in xylem vessels, creating spirals or pores?

Sclerenchyma fibre Signup and view all the answers

How do pores in the vessel walls aid in water movement within the xylem tissue?

Allow water to pass between vessels Signup and view all the answers

Why do multicellular plants require a specialized transport system?

To supply nutrients to individual cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of transporting water in plants from roots to leaves?

To help in photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

Why do plants need to transport the products of photosynthesis to different parts of the plant?

To provide energy for plant processes Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the large size of some plants regarding transport systems?

It necessitates materials to be transported over long distances Signup and view all the answers

Why do plant cells need to respire?

To generate energy for active processes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the vascular system in plants?

To transport nutrients and waste products Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of xylem tissue?

Provide mechanical support only Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components found in xylem vessels?

Lignin and cellulose Signup and view all the answers

How do xylem vessels form a continuous tube in plants?

End walls break down, and specialized cells stack end on end Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is responsible for making xylem cell walls impermeable to water?

Lignin Signup and view all the answers

What is the state of xylem tissue in terms of being living or non-living?

Non-living tissue with no cell contents Signup and view all the answers

What happens to meristem cell contents during differentiation into xylem vessels?

They die and get removed by lysosomes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Plant Transport Systems

As plants grow larger and more complex, they require specialized transport systems to supply nutrients and remove waste from individual cells.
The need for transport systems arises because plants need to transport water and inorganic ions from the roots to the leaves for photosynthesis.
Plants also need to transport the products of photosynthesis (sucrose) to parts of the plant that don't produce their own carbohydrates, such as the roots.

Xylem Tissue

The xylem tissue is responsible for transporting water and dissolved inorganic ions up the plant.
Xylem tissue provides mechanical support to the plant.
Xylem vessels are formed from specialized cells that die and have their contents removed during differentiation.
The cells elongate, and their end walls break down, forming a continuous, unbroken tube.
Xylem tissue is non-living and has no cell contents.

Structure of Xylem Vessels

Xylem vessels have a large empty lumen.
The cell walls of xylem vessels are composed of cellulose and become impregnated with lignin during development.
Lignin is a hard, strong, woody substance that is impermeable to water and provides support to the plant.
The walls of xylem vessels do not collapse due to reduced water pressure because they are mechanically supported by lignin.
Lignification is incomplete, forming spirals or pores in the vessel walls, which offer flexibility and allow water to leave one vessel and pass into another.

Transpiration Stream

The transpiration stream is the process by which water is sucked up the xylem vessels.
There is little resistance to water movement due to the absence of end walls or cell contents in xylem vessels.
The narrow tubes have a large surface area for water to adhere to by hydrogen bonding.
Water also coheres to itself, forming unbroken columns of water being drawn upwards.

Phloem Tissue

Phloem tissue is responsible for transporting food (sucrose) produced by photosynthesis to parts of the plant that require it.
Phloem tissue has a two-way flow of sap, unlike xylem, which has a one-way flow.
Phloem cells have end walls and perforations, allowing for the bidirectional flow of sap.

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Learn about how plants adapt to prevent desiccation by partially closing their stomata, even at the cost of reducing photosynthesis.

Plant Adaptation to Prevent Desiccation

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