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Questions and Answers
How does wind speed affect the rate of transpiration?
How does wind speed affect the rate of transpiration?
- Stops the process of transpiration
- Increases the rate of transpiration (correct)
- Has no effect on transpiration
- Decreases the rate of transpiration
What happens when moist air is removed quickly in plants?
What happens when moist air is removed quickly in plants?
- Rate of transpiration remains constant
- Rate of transpiration decreases
- Plants stop transpiring
- Rate of transpiration increases (correct)
Which factor leads to a greater rate of transpiration in plants?
Which factor leads to a greater rate of transpiration in plants?
- Limited sunlight
- Moist air retention
- High wind speed (correct)
- Low wind speed
How does increased wind speed impact the removal of moist air in plants?
How does increased wind speed impact the removal of moist air in plants?
What is the relationship between wind speed and the rate of transpiration in plants?
What is the relationship between wind speed and the rate of transpiration in plants?
What is the plant's strategy when facing conditions that may lead to excessive water loss?
What is the plant's strategy when facing conditions that may lead to excessive water loss?
Why does the plant close its stomata in adverse conditions?
Why does the plant close its stomata in adverse conditions?
What would happen if a plant did not partially close its stomata in dry conditions?
What would happen if a plant did not partially close its stomata in dry conditions?
How does closing stomata affect the rate of photosynthesis?
How does closing stomata affect the rate of photosynthesis?
What is the primary reason for a plant compromising by partially closing its stomata?
What is the primary reason for a plant compromising by partially closing its stomata?
What is the reason behind the unbroken columns of water being drawn upwards in xylem vessels?
What is the reason behind the unbroken columns of water being drawn upwards in xylem vessels?
Which feature prevents the collapse of vessel walls with reduced water pressure inside them?
Which feature prevents the collapse of vessel walls with reduced water pressure inside them?
What purpose do spirals of lignin serve in xylem vessels?
What purpose do spirals of lignin serve in xylem vessels?
What component forms incomplete lignification in xylem vessels, creating spirals or pores?
What component forms incomplete lignification in xylem vessels, creating spirals or pores?
How do pores in the vessel walls aid in water movement within the xylem tissue?
How do pores in the vessel walls aid in water movement within the xylem tissue?
Why do multicellular plants require a specialized transport system?
Why do multicellular plants require a specialized transport system?
What is the function of transporting water in plants from roots to leaves?
What is the function of transporting water in plants from roots to leaves?
Why do plants need to transport the products of photosynthesis to different parts of the plant?
Why do plants need to transport the products of photosynthesis to different parts of the plant?
What is the significance of the large size of some plants regarding transport systems?
What is the significance of the large size of some plants regarding transport systems?
Why do plant cells need to respire?
Why do plant cells need to respire?
What is the main purpose of the vascular system in plants?
What is the main purpose of the vascular system in plants?
What is the main function of xylem tissue?
What is the main function of xylem tissue?
What are the main components found in xylem vessels?
What are the main components found in xylem vessels?
How do xylem vessels form a continuous tube in plants?
How do xylem vessels form a continuous tube in plants?
Which substance is responsible for making xylem cell walls impermeable to water?
Which substance is responsible for making xylem cell walls impermeable to water?
What is the state of xylem tissue in terms of being living or non-living?
What is the state of xylem tissue in terms of being living or non-living?
What happens to meristem cell contents during differentiation into xylem vessels?
What happens to meristem cell contents during differentiation into xylem vessels?
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Study Notes
Plant Transport Systems
- As plants grow larger and more complex, they require specialized transport systems to supply nutrients and remove waste from individual cells.
- The need for transport systems arises because plants need to transport water and inorganic ions from the roots to the leaves for photosynthesis.
- Plants also need to transport the products of photosynthesis (sucrose) to parts of the plant that don't produce their own carbohydrates, such as the roots.
Xylem Tissue
- The xylem tissue is responsible for transporting water and dissolved inorganic ions up the plant.
- Xylem tissue provides mechanical support to the plant.
- Xylem vessels are formed from specialized cells that die and have their contents removed during differentiation.
- The cells elongate, and their end walls break down, forming a continuous, unbroken tube.
- Xylem tissue is non-living and has no cell contents.
Structure of Xylem Vessels
- Xylem vessels have a large empty lumen.
- The cell walls of xylem vessels are composed of cellulose and become impregnated with lignin during development.
- Lignin is a hard, strong, woody substance that is impermeable to water and provides support to the plant.
- The walls of xylem vessels do not collapse due to reduced water pressure because they are mechanically supported by lignin.
- Lignification is incomplete, forming spirals or pores in the vessel walls, which offer flexibility and allow water to leave one vessel and pass into another.
Transpiration Stream
- The transpiration stream is the process by which water is sucked up the xylem vessels.
- There is little resistance to water movement due to the absence of end walls or cell contents in xylem vessels.
- The narrow tubes have a large surface area for water to adhere to by hydrogen bonding.
- Water also coheres to itself, forming unbroken columns of water being drawn upwards.
Phloem Tissue
- Phloem tissue is responsible for transporting food (sucrose) produced by photosynthesis to parts of the plant that require it.
- Phloem tissue has a two-way flow of sap, unlike xylem, which has a one-way flow.
- Phloem cells have end walls and perforations, allowing for the bidirectional flow of sap.
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