Planck's Equation for Blackbody Radiation
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Questions and Answers

What is used to express the time of day in solar energy calculations?

  • Mean Solar Time (MST)
  • Apparent Solar Time (AST) (correct)
  • Local Standard Time (LST)
  • Daylight Saving Time (DST)

What is the time when the sun crosses the meridian of the observer called?

  • Equation of Time (ET)
  • Longitude Correction Time
  • Mean Solar Noon
  • Local Solar Noon (correct)

What factor causes the Equation of Time (ET) variation throughout the year?

  • Earth's inner core temperature
  • Earth's orbital eccentricity (correct)
  • Earth's tilt angle
  • Earth's rotation speed

Why does Apparent Solar Time (AST) differ slightly from mean time kept by a clock?

<p>Because of Earth's orbital velocity variations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be used to convert Local Standard Time (LST) to Apparent Solar Time (AST)?

<p>Longitude correction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the non-uniform length of a day throughout the year?

<p>Earth's axial tilt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the plus sign in Eq (2.4) when calculating the sun-earth distance?

<p>Indicates the sun-earth distance at aphelion position (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the mean sun-earth distance, 'a', defined?

<p>Half the sum of perihelion and aphelion distances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage difference between the longest and shortest sun-earth distances?

<p>3.3% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which season is the sun higher in the sky according to common knowledge?

<p>Summer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often does the earth move around the sun in an elliptical orbit?

<p>Yearly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the equation R = a(1 - e) represent?

<p>Sun-earth distance at perihelion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the equation derived by Max Planck to describe the monochromatic emissive power of a blackbody?

<p>Planck's equation for blackbody radiation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the constant C1 represent in Planck's equation for blackbody radiation?

<p>Constant related to radiation intensity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the equation (2.34) modified when the surface is not in a vacuum or a gas?

<p>By replacing C1 with C1/n^2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of surfaces are often considered as diffuse reflectors in engineering calculations?

<p>Rough surfaces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Wien's displacement law provide?

<p>The wavelength corresponding to the maximum of the distribution for blackbody radiation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A real surface is both a diffuse emitter and a diffuse reflector. What does this imply about the radiosity of the surface?

<p>It remains constant in all directions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which constant is used to calculate C2 in Planck's equation for blackbody radiation?

<p>Boltzmann’s constant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation used for a real surface to calculate the intensity of radiation from it?

<p>$J = 2.43 \times I$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does C2 represent in Planck's equation for blackbody radiation?

<p>Constant related to temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Example 2.10, what is the transmissivity of the glass used in the application for wavelengths 0.3 and 3.0 mm?

<p>0.92 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of incident solar energy is transmitted through the glass for wavelengths between 0.3 and 3.0 mm?

<p>94.61% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the provided text, what is the primary assumption made about the interior of the application mentioned in Example 2.10?

<p>It is a blackbody at 373 K (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total emissive power of the surface when the average emissive power over the entire wavelength is given as 0.4432?

<p>25129.4 W/m2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At a temperature of 2500 K, what is the computed value of Eb for the given surface?

<p>0.63371 sT^4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average absorptivity of the surface when the spectral absorptivity values are 0.2 and 0.7 for different wavelengths?

<p>0.383 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the Kirchhoff's law, if a(T) = 0.383, what is the reflectivity (r) of the surface?

<p>0.617 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At a temperature of 2500 K, what is the computed value of ε(T) based on Eq.(2.41) and the provided average absorptivity value?

<p>0.383 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What law is used to obtain other properties of materials as demonstrated in Example 2.12?

<p>Kirchhoff’s law Eq.(2.40) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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