Placental and Fetal Circulation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Where does the pulmonary trunk arise from?

  • Right atrium
  • Left ventricle
  • Left atrium
  • Right ventricle (correct)

What is the source of oxygenated blood that supplies the supporting tissues of the lungs?

  • Renal arteries
  • Systemic arteries (correct)
  • Pulmonary arteries
  • Coronary arteries

Where does the oxygenated bronchial arterial blood empty after passing through the supporting tissues of the lungs?

  • Pulmonary arteries
  • Right atrium
  • Pulmonary veins (correct)
  • Left atrium

What is the function of the capillary plexus in pulmonary circulation?

<p>Supplies oxygen to the alveolar air (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do the pulmonary veins play in the circulation of oxygenated blood?

<p>Convey oxygenated blood to the left atrium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the umbilical vein transport blood from the placenta to the fetus?

<p>To the liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the blood that enters the fetal right atrium?

<p>It is shunted directly into the left atrium through the foramen ovale (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does blood largely bypass the fetal lungs?

<p>Because the fetal lungs are nonfunctional (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the blood in the pulmonary trunk in fetal circulation?

<p>Bypasses the lungs through a fetal vessel called ductus arteriosus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the remarkable resistance to hypoxia in fetal and newborn mammals?

<p>Greater O2 affinity of fetal red cells than adult red cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for the most significant alterations in pulmonary blood flow by producing vasoconstriction?

<p>Local hypoxia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What plays an important role in up-regulating uterine blood flow during pregnancy?

<p>Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which circulation starts with the maternal blood flow into the intervillous space through decidual spiral arteries?

<p>Placental Circulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do J receptors adjacent to pulmonary capillaries stimulate when activated?

<p>Reflex tachypnoea and reduction of skeletal muscle tone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What leads to reflex dilatation of pulmonary vessels?

<p>Baroreceptor stimulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the expansion of the infant's lungs during the first gasps?

<p>Markedly negative intrapleural pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the sucking action of the first breath have on blood circulation?

<p>It squeezes blood from the placenta (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pulmonary vascular resistance once the infant's lungs are expanded?

<p>It decreases to less than 20% of its utero value (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the closure of the foramen ovale in the infant's heart?

<p>Rising pulmonary blood flow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the ductus arteriosus undergo permanent anatomic closure in infants?

<p>Within 24-48 hours after birth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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