Placental and Fetal Circulation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Where does the pulmonary trunk arise from?

  • Right atrium
  • Left ventricle
  • Left atrium
  • Right ventricle (correct)
  • What is the source of oxygenated blood that supplies the supporting tissues of the lungs?

  • Renal arteries
  • Systemic arteries (correct)
  • Pulmonary arteries
  • Coronary arteries
  • Where does the oxygenated bronchial arterial blood empty after passing through the supporting tissues of the lungs?

  • Pulmonary arteries
  • Right atrium
  • Pulmonary veins (correct)
  • Left atrium
  • What is the function of the capillary plexus in pulmonary circulation?

    <p>Supplies oxygen to the alveolar air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the pulmonary veins play in the circulation of oxygenated blood?

    <p>Convey oxygenated blood to the left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the umbilical vein transport blood from the placenta to the fetus?

    <p>To the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the blood that enters the fetal right atrium?

    <p>It is shunted directly into the left atrium through the foramen ovale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does blood largely bypass the fetal lungs?

    <p>Because the fetal lungs are nonfunctional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the blood in the pulmonary trunk in fetal circulation?

    <p>Bypasses the lungs through a fetal vessel called ductus arteriosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the remarkable resistance to hypoxia in fetal and newborn mammals?

    <p>Greater O2 affinity of fetal red cells than adult red cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for the most significant alterations in pulmonary blood flow by producing vasoconstriction?

    <p>Local hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays an important role in up-regulating uterine blood flow during pregnancy?

    <p>Corticotrophin-releasing hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which circulation starts with the maternal blood flow into the intervillous space through decidual spiral arteries?

    <p>Placental Circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do J receptors adjacent to pulmonary capillaries stimulate when activated?

    <p>Reflex tachypnoea and reduction of skeletal muscle tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to reflex dilatation of pulmonary vessels?

    <p>Baroreceptor stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the expansion of the infant's lungs during the first gasps?

    <p>Markedly negative intrapleural pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the sucking action of the first breath have on blood circulation?

    <p>It squeezes blood from the placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pulmonary vascular resistance once the infant's lungs are expanded?

    <p>It decreases to less than 20% of its utero value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the closure of the foramen ovale in the infant's heart?

    <p>Rising pulmonary blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the ductus arteriosus undergo permanent anatomic closure in infants?

    <p>Within 24-48 hours after birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

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