Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the most common clinical presentation associated with pituitary dwarfism?
What is the most common clinical presentation associated with pituitary dwarfism?
- Tumor in the posterior pituitary
- Excessive growth hormone
- Development of Rathke's pouch
- Deficiency of growth hormone (correct)
Which structure is a remnant of Rathke's pouch that can remain attached to the oropharynx?
Which structure is a remnant of Rathke's pouch that can remain attached to the oropharynx?
- Ectopic pituitary
- Craniopharyngioma
- Pharyngeal hypophysis (correct)
- Hypoplastic pituitary gland
What genetic mutation is associated with agenesis of the pineal gland?
What genetic mutation is associated with agenesis of the pineal gland?
- Hox gene mutation
- Wnt signaling pathway mutation
- Sonic hedgehog gene mutation
- PAX6 gene mutation (correct)
At what developmental stage does the pineal gland start forming?
At what developmental stage does the pineal gland start forming?
What type of tumor arises from the remnant of Rathke's pouch?
What type of tumor arises from the remnant of Rathke's pouch?
What is the source from which the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland develops?
What is the source from which the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland develops?
Which part of the anterior pituitary is formed from the thickened anterior wall of Rathke's pouch?
Which part of the anterior pituitary is formed from the thickened anterior wall of Rathke's pouch?
What structure does the infundibular process develop into?
What structure does the infundibular process develop into?
What is the consequence of agenesis of the pituitary gland?
What is the consequence of agenesis of the pituitary gland?
The cavity of the vesicle in Rathke's pouch develops into which of the following structures?
The cavity of the vesicle in Rathke's pouch develops into which of the following structures?
What forms the upward extension of pars distalis?
What forms the upward extension of pars distalis?
Furthermore, what condition results in the small size of the pituitary gland?
Furthermore, what condition results in the small size of the pituitary gland?
Which part of the pituitary gland wraps around the infundibular stalk?
Which part of the pituitary gland wraps around the infundibular stalk?
Flashcards
Anterior Pituitary
Anterior Pituitary
The front part of the pituitary gland, responsible for producing hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
Posterior Pituitary
Posterior Pituitary
The back part of the pituitary gland, storing and releasing hormones from the hypothalamus.
Rathke's Pouch
Rathke's Pouch
A pouch of tissue that develops during embryonic development and forms the anterior pituitary gland.
Infundibular Process
Infundibular Process
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Pituitary Agenesis
Pituitary Agenesis
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Pituitary Hypoplasia
Pituitary Hypoplasia
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Pharyngeal Hypophysis
Pharyngeal Hypophysis
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Craniopharyngioma
Craniopharyngioma
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Pineal Gland Development
Pineal Gland Development
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Agenesis of the Pineal Gland
Agenesis of the Pineal Gland
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Study Notes
Pituitary Gland Development
- Develops from two ectodermal sources: Rathke's pouch (anterior lobe) and infundibular process (posterior lobe)
- Rathke's pouch, an ectodermal pouch, forms the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)
- The pouch diverticulum grows towards the infundibulum during the third week
- Forms a vesicle connected to the stomodeal roof by a stalk
- The stalk disappears by the second month
- Infundibular process, another ectodermal pouch, forms the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)
- Originates from the neuroectoderm of the diencephalon floor
- Grows downward
- Upper part becomes the pituitary stalk
- Lower part develops into the pars nervosa (posterior lobe)
- The infundibular recess remains patent in the third ventricle
Anterior Pituitary Development
- The anterior wall thickens to form the pars distalis
- The posterior wall thins to form the pars intermedia
- The cavity of the vesicle becomes the pituitary cleft
- The pars tuberalis extends upward from the pars distalis and wraps around the infundibular stalk
Congenital Pituitary Anomalies
- Agenesis: Absence of the pituitary gland, often fatal
- Hypoplasia: Small pituitary gland size, potentially causing pituitary dwarfism
- Absence of the anterior lobe: Development failure of Rathke's diverticulum
- Ectopic lobe: Anterior lobe misplaced along Rathke's pouch
- Pharyngeal hypophysis: Remnant of Rathke's pouch attached to oropharyngeal roof
- Craniopharyngioma: Tumour originating from Rathke's pouch remnants, potentially causing hydrocephalus and pituitary dysfunction
Pineal Gland Development
- Develops from a small ectodermal diverticulum arising from the posterior third ventricle
- During the seventh week of intrauterine life, the ependymal area of the third ventricle thickens and forms a diverticulum
- Initially, a hollow mass, it eventually becomes solid
- Connects to the thalamus via a stalk divided into superior and inferior laminae
- Congenital anomalies:
- Agenesis (absence of the pineal gland): Genetic mutations in the PAX6 gene are associated with fragmented sleep-wake patterns
Interthalamic Adhesion
- Connects the pineal body to the thalamus
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