Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which hormones are synthesized by hypothalamic neurons?
Which hormones are synthesized by hypothalamic neurons?
What is the function of the primary capillary plexus in the pituitary gland?
What is the function of the primary capillary plexus in the pituitary gland?
Which pair of hormones are almost identical but differ in two amino acids?
Which pair of hormones are almost identical but differ in two amino acids?
What is the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the body?
What is the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the body?
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What causes Diabetes insipidus?
What causes Diabetes insipidus?
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Which hormones are secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
Which hormones are secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
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Which of the following is NOT true about the pituitary gland?
Which of the following is NOT true about the pituitary gland?
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Which hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior pituitary?
Which hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior pituitary?
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How are oxytocin and ADH released from the posterior pituitary?
How are oxytocin and ADH released from the posterior pituitary?
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How does the hypothalamus control the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary?
How does the hypothalamus control the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary?
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Which of the following hormones is NOT released by the anterior pituitary?
Which of the following hormones is NOT released by the anterior pituitary?
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How are hormones released from the anterior pituitary into the bloodstream?
How are hormones released from the anterior pituitary into the bloodstream?
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Which hormone is produced by the thyrotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland?
Which hormone is produced by the thyrotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland?
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What hormone triggers the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary gland?
What hormone triggers the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary gland?
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Which hormone is inhibited by rising blood levels of thyroid hormones?
Which hormone is inhibited by rising blood levels of thyroid hormones?
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What hormone triggers the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary gland?
What hormone triggers the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary gland?
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Which hormones are secreted by the gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland?
Which hormones are secreted by the gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland?
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Which hormones are absent from the blood in prepubertal boys and girls?
Which hormones are absent from the blood in prepubertal boys and girls?
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Study Notes
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
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Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or thyrotropin: • Produced by thyrotropic cells of anterior pituitary • Stimulates normal development and secretory activity of thyroid • Release triggered by thyrotropin-releasing hormone from hypothalamus • Inhibited by rising blood levels of thyroid hormones that act on pituitary and hypothalamus
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or corticotropin: • Triggered by hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in daily rhythm • Internal and external factors such as fever, hypoglycemia, and stressors can alter release of CRH
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Gonadotropins: • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) • Secreted by gonadotropic cells of anterior pituitary • FSH stimulates gamete (egg or sperm) production • LH promotes production of gonadal hormones • Absent from the blood in prepubertal boys and girls
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Growth hormone (GH)
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Prolactin (PRL)
Posterior Pituitary and Hypothalamic Hormones
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Oxytocin and ADH (antidiuretic hormone): • Each composed of nine amino acids • Almost identical, differing in two amino acids
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Oxytocin: • Released into the blood when hypothalamic neurons fire
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ADH: • Released into the blood when hypothalamic neurons fire • Diabetes insipidus: ADH deficiency due to hypothalamus or posterior pituitary damage • Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH): retention of fluid, headache, disorientation; fluid restriction; blood sodium level monitoring
The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
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Pituitary gland has two major lobes: • Posterior pituitary (lobe): neural tissue • Anterior pituitary (lobe): glandular tissue
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Hypothalamus controls release of hormones from the pituitary gland in two ways: • Hypothalamic neurons synthesize oxytocin or ADH, which are transported to the posterior pituitary and released into the blood when hypothalamic neurons fire • Hypothalamic hormones travel through portal veins to the anterior pituitary, stimulating or inhibiting release of hormones made in the anterior pituitary
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Description
Learn about the structure and function of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus. Understand how the hypothalamus controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. Explore the different lobes of the pituitary gland and their roles.