Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus

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Questions and Answers

Which hormones are synthesized by hypothalamic neurons?

GH and TSH

GHRH and GnRH (correct)

LH and PRL

ACTH and FSH

What is the function of the primary capillary plexus in the pituitary gland?

Filtering waste products

Transporting oxygen to the pituitary gland

Secreting releasing or inhibiting hormones (correct)

Producing growth hormone

Which pair of hormones are almost identical but differ in two amino acids?

GH and TSH

FSH and LH

Oxytocin and ADH (correct)

ADH and PRL

What is the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the body?

Promoting water reabsorption by the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What causes Diabetes insipidus?

ADH deficiency due to hypothalamus or posterior pituitary damage Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones are secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

PRL and ACTH Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true about the pituitary gland?

Both lobes are composed of neural tissue. Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior pituitary?

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Signup and view all the answers

How are oxytocin and ADH released from the posterior pituitary?

Action potentials arriving at the axon terminals cause their release into the blood. Signup and view all the answers

How does the hypothalamus control the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary?

By releasing hormones that travel through portal veins to the anterior pituitary Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is NOT released by the anterior pituitary?

Oxytocin Signup and view all the answers

How are hormones released from the anterior pituitary into the bloodstream?

Through the secondary capillary plexus Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is produced by the thyrotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland?

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Signup and view all the answers

What hormone triggers the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary gland?

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is inhibited by rising blood levels of thyroid hormones?

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Signup and view all the answers

What hormone triggers the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary gland?

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones are secreted by the gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland?

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones are absent from the blood in prepubertal boys and girls?

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anterior Pituitary Hormones

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or thyrotropin: • Produced by thyrotropic cells of anterior pituitary • Stimulates normal development and secretory activity of thyroid • Release triggered by thyrotropin-releasing hormone from hypothalamus • Inhibited by rising blood levels of thyroid hormones that act on pituitary and hypothalamus
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or corticotropin: • Triggered by hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in daily rhythm • Internal and external factors such as fever, hypoglycemia, and stressors can alter release of CRH
Gonadotropins: • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) • Secreted by gonadotropic cells of anterior pituitary • FSH stimulates gamete (egg or sperm) production • LH promotes production of gonadal hormones • Absent from the blood in prepubertal boys and girls
Growth hormone (GH)
Prolactin (PRL)

Posterior Pituitary and Hypothalamic Hormones

Oxytocin and ADH (antidiuretic hormone): • Each composed of nine amino acids • Almost identical, differing in two amino acids
Oxytocin: • Released into the blood when hypothalamic neurons fire
ADH: • Released into the blood when hypothalamic neurons fire • Diabetes insipidus: ADH deficiency due to hypothalamus or posterior pituitary damage • Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH): retention of fluid, headache, disorientation; fluid restriction; blood sodium level monitoring

The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus

Pituitary gland has two major lobes: • Posterior pituitary (lobe): neural tissue • Anterior pituitary (lobe): glandular tissue
Hypothalamus controls release of hormones from the pituitary gland in two ways: • Hypothalamic neurons synthesize oxytocin or ADH, which are transported to the posterior pituitary and released into the blood when hypothalamic neurons fire • Hypothalamic hormones travel through portal veins to the anterior pituitary, stimulating or inhibiting release of hormones made in the anterior pituitary

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Description

Learn about the structure and function of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus. Understand how the hypothalamus controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. Explore the different lobes of the pituitary gland and their roles.