Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone (GHIH)?
What is the primary function of Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone (GHIH)?
Prolactin is controlled by both inhibitory and releasing hormones.
Prolactin is controlled by both inhibitory and releasing hormones.
False
Which hormone is used in the treatment of acromegaly?
Which hormone is used in the treatment of acromegaly?
Octreotide
The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland secretes __________.
The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland secretes __________.
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Match the hormone with its primary action:
Match the hormone with its primary action:
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What condition is associated with the use of dopamine agonists like Bromocriptine?
What condition is associated with the use of dopamine agonists like Bromocriptine?
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Somatostatin can be administered orally as a treatment for hypersecretion disorders.
Somatostatin can be administered orally as a treatment for hypersecretion disorders.
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Name one clinical indication for using GnRH in a continuous fashion.
Name one clinical indication for using GnRH in a continuous fashion.
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Study Notes
Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamic System
- The pituitary gland is divided into anterior and posterior lobes
- Anterior lobe: Growth Hormone (GH), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), Gonadotropins, Prolactin
- Posterior lobe: Oxytocin, Vasopressin
- Hormones of the anterior lobe are controlled by the hypothalamus, which regulates their secretion
- If there is a connection issue/lesion between the pituitary and the hypothalamus, the level of anterior pituitary hormones decreases, except for prolactin, which increases
- Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH) and prolactin are controlled by inhibitory hormones (GHIH and PIH respectively) Prolactin is controlled only by inhibitory hormones
Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormones (GHIH)
- Organs secreting GHIH: Hypothalamus, Pancreas (alpha cells, Glucagon; beta cells, insulin; delta cells, somatostatin) and Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT)
- Action of GHIH: Decrease GH levels, reduce blood sugar, decrease insulin secretion, and cause vasoconstriction
- Uses: Acromegaly, islet cell tumours, secretory diarrhoea, oesophageal varices
- Note: Somatostatin is short-acting, therefore octreotide (a long-acting somatostatin derivative) is preferred
Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone (PIH)
- Secreted by: Hypothalamus
- Action: Inhibits prolactin production
- Alternative name: Dopamine (DA)
- Note: Peptides (like somatostatin, vasopressin, and oxytocin) cannot be given orally; octreotide is given by subcutaneous (SC) route
GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone) Considerations
- Release patterns: Can be pulsatile (for anovulatory infertility, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and delayed puberty) or continuous (for cancers like prostate cancer, breast cancer, and endometriosis).
- Stimulates the anterior pituitary: to release gonadotropin hormones.
Dopamine Agonists and Prolactin
- Dopamine agonists (Drugs stimulating dopamine receptors) act similarly to PIH.
- Examples: Bromocriptine, Cabergoline (long-acting)
- These drugs reduce prolactin levels by stimulating dopamine receptors in the anterior pituitary.
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Description
Explore the intricate relationship between the pituitary gland and the hypothalamic system. This quiz covers the anatomy of the pituitary, the hormones it secretes, and how they are regulated. Test your knowledge on the anterior and posterior lobes, as well as the actions of growth hormone-inhibiting hormones.
