Unit 3: 4 Bites and Stings Quiz

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Which type of insect bite or sting should prompt immediate emergency department referral or physician consultation?

Bee stings
Black widow spider bites (correct)
Mosquito bites
Centipede bites

What is the significance of insects mentioned in the text?

They do not transmit infectious pathogens
They are harmless and do not bite or sting
They can cause hypersensitivity reactions (correct)
They only cause local reactions

Which of the following insects inject venom with a stinger?

Flies
Mosquitoes
Ants (correct)
Centipedes

What is a possible consequence of some insect bites and stings despite being mostly a nuisance?

Systemic reactions in some patients (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mediator released from mast cells during a sting reaction?

Thrombocytopenia-inducing factor (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the initial manifestations of a systemic reaction to an insect sting?

Itchy eyes, facial flushing, generalized urticaria (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which insect's sting can progress to sterile pustules within 6-24 hours?

Fire ants (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical clinical presentation of bedbug or kissing bug bites?

Clustered, erythematous, pruritic nodules (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do fleas typically deposit saliva during a bite?

Deposit saliva in bite (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which insect causes pain and itching with local necrosis due to its venom?

Centipedes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment recommendation for adults with systemic allergic reactions post-insect sting?

Venom immunotherapy (D) Signup and view all the answers

How is anaphylaxis generally treated in adults experiencing systemic reactions from insect stings?

Intramuscular or subcutaneous epinephrine (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dose of antihistamines for itching due to insect bites in children?

0.01 mg/kg (D) Signup and view all the answers

How can lice infestation be eradicated according to the text?

By using lindane shampoo on dry hair for 4 minutes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested for effective removal of ticks according to the text?

Using angled forceps or a tick-removal instrument (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the reasons why bedbugs have spread globally?

Increasing global travel (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why are travelers advised to thoroughly check for bedbugs in mattresses and luggage according to the text?

To reduce the spread of bedbugs (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which insect requires eradication by vacuuming thoroughly, treating pets, washing rugs and beds, and using insecticide?

Fleas (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended for long-standing or crusted scabies infestation treatment in the text?

Oral Ivermectin (A) Signup and view all the answers

When should a tick be removed to potentially prevent Lyme disease infection according to the text?

36 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is advised for those with a history of anaphylaxis from wasp or bee stings according to the text?

Carrying an epinephrine injector kit and wearing medical warning tags (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary if a systemic reaction or anaphylactic reaction occurs due to insect bites or stings?

Referral to the emergency department for definitive management including epinephrine (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a preventive measure mentioned in the text against bites and stings?

Regular use of DEET repellent (C) Signup and view all the answers

When is antibiotic prophylaxis indicated according to the text?

When Lyme disease is endemic or tick feeding time is not known (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most venomous spider in the world?

Black widow spider (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which spider has a violin-shaped marking on its back?

Brown recluse spider (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of a brown recluse spider bite?

Mild, erythematous lesion that heals over several days to weeks (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where are black widow spiders commonly found in the United States?

South and West (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which spider's bite is almost painless and can cause necrosis within days?

Brown recluse spider (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of brown recluse spider venom on the body?

Endothelial injury and thrombosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which spider has urticating hairs that can lead to stinging and anaphylaxis?

Tarantula (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are common locations where brown recluse spiders are found?

Garages and abandoned buildings (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which spider species has a marking resembling an orange-red, hourglass shape?

Black widow spider (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the size comparison between male and female black widow spiders?

Male is much smaller than female (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common early symptom of a black widow spider bite?

Mild to moderate pain followed by muscle cramps (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which complication can arise from a black widow spider bite in small children or individuals with cardiovascular disease?

Hypertension (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a pit viper snake?

Gila monster (C) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of venomous snakebites result in no envenomation?

20% (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which reptile has venom as toxic as a rattlesnake but requires a prolonged bite for envenomation?

Gila monster (C) Signup and view all the answers

What clinical finding is typically seen in bites with no envenomation?

Puncture wound (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT influence the clinical presentation of envenomated patients?

Type of venom (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common initial presentation of coral snake bites?

Neurologic symptoms (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which venomous reptile causes mainly local pain and swelling with occasional systemic reactions?

Gila monster (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary type of venom in scorpions?

Neurotoxic (C) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes venomous rattlesnakes from nonvenomous ones?

Presence of fangs (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of damage does pit viper venom primarily cause?

Systemic vascular damage (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which non-venomous reptile mentioned has to be forcibly removed after biting?

Gila monster (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do coral snake bites usually appear initially?

Scratch marks (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of capturing and bringing the actual spider for identification in cases of suspected spider bites?

To determine the species of spider responsible for the bite (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory tests are specifically recommended in cases of suspected brown recluse spider bites?

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (B) Signup and view all the answers

What initial therapy is typically recommended for black widow spider bites?

Pain relief medications as needed (A) Signup and view all the answers

In what circumstances is antivenom therapy indicated for black widow spider bites?

For confirmed severe bites due to risk of anaphylaxis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider all causes of acute abdomen in the differential diagnosis when presented with unusual abdominal pain?

Acute abdomen may mimic symptoms of spider envenomation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended type of care for wolf spider bites, such as those from tarantulas?

Supportive care equivalent to a wasp sting (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor determines whether an individual should receive antivenom therapy for black widow spider bites?

Confirmation of a severe bite and no previous exposure to horse serum (B) Signup and view all the answers

$Which$ laboratory test may be indicated for suspected black widow spider bites even though no specific tests are recommended?

$CBC$ and $urinalysis$ (B) Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic differentiates brown recluse from black widow spider bites in terms of laboratory tests?

Black widow bite diagnosis may involve abnormal coagulation profiles. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is tetanus prophylaxis recommended as part of initial care for both brown recluse and black widow spider bites?

To protect against tetanus infection from contaminated wounds. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What autonomic nervous system symptoms may occur as a result of a venomous bite or sting?

Tachycardia and excessive secretions (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it discouraged for patients to bring the actual snake to the healthcare facility for identification?

Snakes can reflexively bite immediately after death. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What laboratory study is NOT commonly needed when evaluating a patient with a venomous bite or sting?

Lactate dehydrogenase (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended first aid measure for snakebite victims before reaching a healthcare facility?

Minimizing physical activity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What should be observed for a minimum of 12 hours following bites or stings, as mentioned in the text?

Clinical symptoms assessment (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of snakebite requires antivenom as part of the main therapy?

Severe venomous snakebites (D) Signup and view all the answers

In which months do most snake bites typically occur according to the text?

April to October (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between non-Africanized bees and Africanized bees in terms of stinging behavior?

Non-Africanized bees sting only once, while Africanized bees can sting multiple times. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of stinging injuries, what is the significance of delayed serum sickness?

It can occur up to 10 days after being stung. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended first-line treatment for a person experiencing a severe allergic reaction to a bee sting?

Epinephrine injection (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is prophylaxis with an EpiPen recommended for individuals experiencing stinging injuries?

To prevent anaphylactic reactions in case of future stings. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended first-line treatment for pruritus following an insect sting, as suggested in the text?

Immediate application of ice to the sting area (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which measure is suggested in the text for preventing insect stings?

Applying approved chemicals on lawns to keep ants away (A) Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if severe systemic allergic reactions are suspected after an insect sting, based on the information provided?

Transfer to the Emergency Department (ED) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the treatment approach for insect stings according to the text?

Antihistamines can be used prophylactically (B) Signup and view all the answers

Black widow spider bites

Black widow spider bites warrant immediate medical attention. Seek emergency department referral or consult a physician for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Insects and hypersensitivity

Insects can trigger hypersensitivity reactions, resulting in adverse responses like allergic reactions.

Ant stings

Ants inject venom using a stinger.

Systemic reactions from insect bites

Insect bites and stings can sometimes cause systemic reactions, impacting the entire body, even if they generally seem harmless.