20 Questions
Who wrote the first visionary description of potential uses for information technology?
Vannevar Bush
Who invented the field of Cybernetics?
Norbert Wiener
What was one of the main outcomes of the 1956 Dartmouth Artificial Intelligence Conference?
The concept of technology improving at an exponential rate
Who made the idea of a global village interconnected by an electronic nervous system part of our popular culture?
Marshall McLuhan
Who was appointed to head the new IPTO organization with a mandate to further the research of the SAGE program?
J.Licklider
Who led the development of the network based on packet switching?
Lawrence Roberts
What was the first networking protocol used on the ARPANET?
Network Control Program
Where were the first communications of the ARPANET between?
Stanford Research Institute and University of California at Los Angeles
Who developed the TCP/IP protocol?
Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf
What does standardized protocols enable?
Internet to function
What is the primary function of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?
Connects computers to a network and exchanges data
Which protocol is responsible for making decisions on the packets and routing them?
Internet Protocol (IP)
What does the Internet Domain Name System (DNS) allow users to do?
Give globally unique names to networks
What is the function of File Transmission Protocol (FTP)?
Permits users to send all types of electronic files over the Internet
What is the role of Hypertext Transmission Protocol (HTTP)?
Supports the World Wide Web
What is the main function of the program Cabos?
File sharing
What is the main focus of the organization openEHR?
Development of interoperable, lifelong EHRs
What is the main purpose of the application GIMP?
Photo editing
What was the origin of CARE2x?
By a surgery nurse, Elpidio Latorilla
What is the main function of the application Open EMR?
Medical clinic practice management and EHR application
Study Notes
Pioneers in Computer Science
- J.C.R. Licklider wrote the first visionary description of potential uses for information technology.
- Norbert Wiener invented the field of Cybernetics.
Artificial Intelligence
- The 1956 Dartmouth Artificial Intelligence Conference led to the coining of the term "Artificial Intelligence" (AI).
Network Development
- J.C.R. Licklider was appointed to head the new IPTO organization, tasked with furthering SAGE program research.
- Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn led the development of a network based on packet switching.
- The first networking protocol used on the ARPANET was NCP (Network Control Protocol).
- The first ARPANET communications were between UCLA and Stanford Research Institute (SRI).
Internet Protocols
- Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn developed the TCP/IP protocol.
- Standardized protocols enable different networks to communicate with each other.
- The primary function of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is to ensure reliable data transfer.
- Internet Protocol (IP) is responsible for making decisions on packet routing.
- The Internet Domain Name System (DNS) allows users to access websites using domain names instead of IP addresses.
- File Transmission Protocol (FTP) enables file transfer between hosts.
- Hypertext Transmission Protocol (HTTP) enables communication for web browsing.
Applications
- Cabos is a file-sharing program.
- openEHR focuses on electronic health record systems.
- GIMP is a free and open-source raster graphics editor.
- CARE2x originated as a hospital information system.
- Open EMR is an open-source electronic medical record system.
Tech Visionaries and Milestones Quiz: Test your knowledge on the pioneers who shaped information technology and artificial intelligence. From Vannevar Bush's 'memex' to Norbert Wiener's Cybernetics, explore the influential figures and groundbreaking events that paved the way for modern advancements.
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