Pilots Handbook Chapter 3 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are the three types of aviation products the FAA certifies?

Aircraft, aircraft engines, and propellers

What are airworthiness standards?

Developed to help ensure that aviation products are designed with no unsafe features.

What is a Type Certificate?

Specifies the important design and operational characteristics of the aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller.

What is standard airworthiness?

Certificates and white, issued for normal, utility, acrobatic, commuter, or transport category aircraft. Signup and view all the answers

What is special airworthiness?

Certificates are pink and are issued for primarily, restricted, and limited category aircraft, and light sport aircraft. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four forces that act upon an aircraft in relation to straight and level, unaccelerated flights?

Thrust, lift, weight, and drag Signup and view all the answers

What is thrust?

The forward force produced by the power plant/propeller that opposes or overcomes the force of drag. Signup and view all the answers

What is drag?

A rearward, retarding force caused by disruption of airflow by the wing, fuselage, and other objects. Signup and view all the answers

What is weight?

The combined load of the aircraft itself, the crew, the fuel, and the cargo or baggage. Signup and view all the answers

What is lift?

Opposes the downward force of weight and is produced by the dynamic effect of air acting on the wing. Signup and view all the answers

What is a fuselage?

The central body of an airplane designed to accommodate the crew, passengers, and cargo. Signup and view all the answers

What are wings?

The main lifting surfaces that support the airplane in flight. Signup and view all the answers

What are ailerons?

Control surfaces attached to the wings that create aerodynamic forces causing the airplane to roll. Signup and view all the answers

What are flaps?

Control surfaces that extend downwards to increase the lifting force of the wings for takeoffs and landings. Signup and view all the answers

What are trim tabs?

Devices that reduce control pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What does an empennage consist of?

Rudder, elevator, and one or more trim tabs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the rudder?

Attached to the back of the vertical stabilizer, used to move the nose of the plane left and right. Signup and view all the answers

What is landing gear?

The principal support of the airplane when parked, taxiing, taking off, or landing. Signup and view all the answers

What is the powerplant?

Includes both the engine and the propeller. Signup and view all the answers

What does the engine do?

Provides power to turn the propeller and generates electrical power. Signup and view all the answers

What does the propeller do?

Translates the rotating force of the engine into thrust. Signup and view all the answers

What does AOA stand for?

Angle of attack Signup and view all the answers

What are the subcomponents of an airplane?

Airframe, electrical system, flight controls, and brakes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the airframe?

The basic structure of an aircraft that withstands all aerodynamic forces. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an aircraft electrical system?

To generate, regulate, and distribute electrical power throughout the aircraft. Signup and view all the answers

What are flight controls?

Devices and systems that govern the altitude of an aircraft. Signup and view all the answers

What do aircraft brakes consist of?

Multiple pads (called caliper pads) hydraulically squeezed toward each other with a rotor. Signup and view all the answers

What is a truss structure?

A construction method using lengths of tubing, called longerons, welded to form a framework. Signup and view all the answers

What is a monocoque structure?

Construction using stressed skin to support almost all loads. Signup and view all the answers

What is a semi monocoque structure?

Uses a substructure with bulkheads and stringers to reinforce the stressed skin. Signup and view all the answers

In 2005, what percentage of new aircraft were constructed of composite materials?

Over 35% Signup and view all the answers

What are composite materials?

Reinforced matrix systems. Signup and view all the answers

What are the most common reinforcing fibers in an aircraft?

Fiberglass and carbon fiber Signup and view all the answers

What are the advantages of composites?

Offers several advantages over metal, including lighter weight. Signup and view all the answers

What are the disadvantages of composites?

The lack of visual proof of damage. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when an airplane is struck by lightning?

A large amount of energy is delivered to the structure, requiring distribution to avoid damage. Signup and view all the answers

What are performance instruments?

Altimeter, airspeed indicator, vertical speed indicator, heading indicator, and turn slip indicator. Signup and view all the answers

What are control instruments?

Display immediate attitude and power changes. Signup and view all the answers

What are navigation instruments?

Indicate the aircraft's position relative to a navigation facility. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Global Positioning System?

A satellite-based navigation system composed of a network of satellites. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Aviation Product Certification

FAA certifies three types of aviation products: aircraft, aircraft engines, and propellers.
Airworthiness standards ensure aviation products are designed to minimize unsafe features.

Type Certificates

A Type Certificate includes a data sheet that outlines key design and operational characteristics of certified aviation products.

Airworthiness Certificates

Standard airworthiness certificates are white and issued for normal, utility, acrobatic, commuter, or transport category aircraft.
Special airworthiness certificates are pink and issued for restricted, limited category aircraft, and light sport aircraft.

Forces Acting on Aircraft

Four forces act during straight and level, unaccelerated flight: thrust, lift, weight, and drag.
Thrust is the forward force from the power plant/propeller and counters drag.
Drag is the rearward force that opposes thrust, caused by airflow disruption.
Weight is the gravitational force pulling the aircraft downward, including all loads.
Lift counteracts weight and arises from dynamic airflow over the wings.

Aircraft Structure Components

The fuselage is the central body designed for crew, passengers, and cargo.
Wings are the primary lifting surfaces essential for flight.
Ailerons are wing control surfaces that facilitate rolling motion.
Flaps increase lift for takeoffs and landings by moving downwards.
Trim tabs are small surfaces that reduce control pressure on larger control surfaces.

Tail Section and Landing Gear

The empennage includes the rudder, elevator, and trim tabs, controlling yaw and pitch.
The rudder moves the aircraft's nose left and right during flight.
Landing gear supports the aircraft on the ground during various phases of operation.

Powerplant and Propeller

The powerplant consists of the engine and propeller.
The engine provides power for the propeller and generates electrical and vacuum power.
The propeller converts engine rotation into thrust, propelling the aircraft forward.

Aircraft Subcomponents

An airplane's subcomponents include the airframe, electrical system, flight controls, and brakes.
The airframe withstands aerodynamic forces and supports the weight of the aircraft.

Aircraft Electrical System

The primary function of the electrical system is to generate, regulate, and distribute electrical power.

Flight Controls and Braking System

Flight controls manage altitude and aircraft flight path.
The braking system consists of caliper pads and rotors that engage to decelerate the aircraft.

Structural Types

Truss structure utilizes welded tubing to form a stiff framework.
Monocoque structure uses stressed skin to bear loads, akin to an aluminum can.
Semi-monocoque structure combines substructure elements with stressed skin for added support.

Composite Materials

In 2005, over 35% of newly constructed aircraft utilized composite materials, known for their lighter weight.
Common reinforcing fibers in aircraft construction include fiberglass and carbon fiber.
Advantages of composites include reduced weight, but they lack visible damage indicators.

Lightning Strikes on Aircraft

Lightning strikes deliver significant energy that needs to be dissipated over a large area to prevent damage.

Instrumentation

Performance instruments (altimeter, airspeed indicator, etc.) reveal the aircraft's performance metrics.
Control instruments display immediate attitude and power changes in precise increments.
Navigation instruments help ascertain the aircraft's position relative to navigation facilities.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system developed by the U.S. Department of Defense.

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Test your knowledge on Chapter 3 of the Pilots Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge. This quiz covers key concepts like FAA certifications and airworthiness standards. Perfect for aspiring pilots looking to deepen their understanding of aviation regulations.