Pigment Colors and Light

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Questions and Answers

What is the result of mixing the primary pigments yellow and cyan?

Red pigment

Yellow pigment

Green pigment (correct)

Blue pigment

What is the purpose of the lines in a polarizer filter?

To block light with electric field oscillating perpendicular to the lines (correct)

To scatter light in different directions

To increase the intensity of light

To absorb all light

What is the condition of light when its electric field oscillates in random directions?

Polarized

Filtered

Reflected

Unpolarized (correct)

What is the result of combining complementary pigments?

Black color Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between yellow and blue pigments?

They are complementary Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of mixing magenta and cyan pigments?

Blue pigment Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of polarization in light?

To filter specific directions of light oscillation Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of mixing yellow and magenta pigments?

Red pigment Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the intensity of light when a polarizer is placed in a beam of nonpolarized light?

The intensity of light is reduced by half. Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of polarization of reflected light?

Parallel to the reflecting surface. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of polarizing sunglasses?

To reduce glare from polarized light reflected off roads. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the polarizing axis of the second filter is perpendicular to that of the first?

No light will pass through. Signup and view all the answers

What is Malus's Law related to?

The intensity of light passing through two polarizing filters. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Doppler Effect related to?

Relative motion between the source of light and the observer. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the intensity of light when a second polarizing filter is placed in the path of the polarized light?

The intensity of light is affected by the cosine squared of the angle between the polarizing axes of the two filters. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of polarizing filters in photography?

To block reflected light. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the bending of white light into seven colors when it passes through a prism?

The difference in the wavelength of the light colors Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when light waves pass through a barrier with a gap nearly the same width as the wavelength of the light waves?

The light waves spread out in the 'straight-on' direction Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of combining the correct intensities of red, blue, and green light on a white screen?

White light is formed Signup and view all the answers

What type of color is formed when two primary colors are mixed together?

Secondary color Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a light wave passes a single edge, such as the edge of a barrier?

The light wave bends as it passes the edge Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the wave nature of light on its behavior when it crosses the boundary from air into glass and back into air?

Each color of light is bent at a different angle Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of passing a spectrum of light through a second prism?

The spectrum of light is reversed and the colors are recombined to form white light Signup and view all the answers

What is the phenomenon responsible for the spreading of white light into seven colors when it passes through a prism?

Dispersion Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pigment Colors

Primary pigment colors are the secondary colors of light, while secondary pigment colors are the primary colors of light.
When yellow and cyan pigments are mixed, they absorb blue and red light, respectively, forming a green pigment.
Yellow + Cyan = (red + blue) absorbed + green, resulting in the appearance of green.
Similarly, mixing yellow and magenta pigments forms a red pigment, while mixing magenta and cyan pigments forms a blue pigment.

Complementary Pigments

Complementary pigments are two pigments (one primary and one secondary) that combine to absorb all primary colors, resulting in black.
Yellow and blue are complementary pigments.
Cyan and red are complementary pigments.
Magenta and green are complementary pigments.

Polarization of Light

Polarization is the production of light with a specific pattern of oscillation (vertical, horizontal, or circular).
Light is an electromagnetic wave consisting of magnetic and electric fields propagating perpendicular to each other.
Nonpolarized light has an electric field oscillating in random directions, while polarized light has an electric field oscillating in a specific linear direction.

Polarization by Filtering

A polarizer (filter) has lines representing a polarizing axis.
Light with an electric field oscillating parallel to the lines passes through, while light with an electric field oscillating perpendicular to the lines is absorbed.

Diffraction

When a barrier with a large gap (wider than the wavelength) is placed in the path of light waves, they continue in a straight line.
When a barrier with a gap nearly the same width as the wavelength is placed in the path of light waves, they spread out (diffract).
Diffraction also occurs when light waves pass a single edge (bending as it passes the edge of the barrier).

Color

When a narrow beam of light passes through a glass prism, it spreads out into seven colors (spectrum).
When this spectrum falls on a second prism, the spreading of colors is reversed, and the colors recombine to form white light.
The spreading of white light into seven colors when passing through a prism is due to the wave nature of light (different wavelengths bend at different angles).

Color by Addition of Light

White light can be formed from colored light when the correct intensities of red, blue, and green light are projected on a white screen (additive color process).
Primary colors are red, blue, and green light, which combine to form white light.
Primary colors mix to form secondary colors.

Polarization by Reflection

Light is partially polarized when reflected.
The light ray is polarized by reflection parallel to the reflecting surface (perpendicular to the reflected ray).
Polarized reflected light causes glare, which can be reduced using polarizing sunglasses or filters.

Malus's Law

If a second polarizing filter is placed in the path of polarized light, all light passes through if the polarizing axes are parallel, and no light passes through if the axes are perpendicular.
Malus's Law states that the intensity of light coming out of the second polarizing filter is equal to the intensity of polarized light multiplied by the cosine squared of the angle between the polarizing axes of the two filters.

Doppler Effect

The Doppler Effect occurs when there is a relative motion between the source of light and the observer.

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Description

Understanding the relationship between primary and secondary colors of light and pigments, and how they mix to form new colors.