Piaget's Theory Overview

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Which stage does Erikson propose for middle adulthood?

Integrity versus despair

Generativity versus stagnation (correct)

Childhood versus adulthood

Independence versus conformity

What monumental accomplishment is attributed to Freud in the text?

Proposing the concept of generativity

Introducing the notion of unconscious influences affecting behavior (correct)

Validating his psychoanalytic theories

Developing the stages of psychosocial development

What impact do memories that we are not consciously aware of have on our behavior according to contemporary researchers?

Significant impact (correct)

No impact

Negative impact

Temporary impact

Why have many basic principles of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory been called into question?

Lack of research support Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is NOT supported by subsequent research in relation to Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

'No research evidence' supporting Freud's theories Signup and view all the answers

Which concept has pervaded thinking in Western cultures as a result of Freud’s work?

The idea of unconscious influences on behavior Signup and view all the answers

What does Erikson's generativity versus stagnation stage primarily involve?

Contributions to family, community, and society Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of human behavior distinguishes them from rats and pigeons, according to the text?

Internal mental activity Signup and view all the answers

Which theory has gained prominence recently over classical and operant conditioning theories?

Cognitive approach Signup and view all the answers

What does the cognitive perspective focus on?

Internal mental activity Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the cognitive perspective in understanding lifespan development?

Processes of knowing and understanding Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the text, which individual provides the most detailed answer to why it sometimes rains?

Ajima Signup and view all the answers

How does Jake's response differ from Lila's response regarding why it rains?

Jake provides a simple answer while Lila gives a scientific explanation. Signup and view all the answers

Which individual in the text exemplifies a deeper level of understanding based on their response?

Ajima Signup and view all the answers

According to Piaget, what do schemes represent in human thinking?

Organized mental patterns that represent behaviors and actions Signup and view all the answers

In Piaget's theory, what do schemes resemble in terms of function?

Intellectual computer software programs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between assimilation and accommodation in Piaget's theory?

Assimilation occurs when people use their current ways of thinking, while accommodation involves changes in thinking. Signup and view all the answers

How are older children's schemes different from those of infants?

Older children have more abstract and sophisticated schemes. Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the process through which individuals understand experiences based on their current cognitive stage?

Assimilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of assimilation and accommodation in cognitive development according to Piaget?

They work together to bring about cognitive development. Signup and view all the answers

How do assimilation and accommodation collectively contribute to children's understanding of the world?

By enhancing cognitive flexibility and growth Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the text, which philosophy emphasizes personal identity, uniqueness, freedom, and the worth of the individual?

Individualism Signup and view all the answers

A person raised in a collectivistic culture is more likely to prioritize:

The group's welfare over personal well-being Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant difference between cultures along the individualism-collectivism spectrum?

Valuing group welfare over individual welfare Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, which cultural value emphasizes the notion that the well-being of the group is paramount?

Collectivism Signup and view all the answers

How do collectivistic cultures typically view the welfare of groups?

As more important than individual welfare Signup and view all the answers

What concept is highlighted in the text as an important element in shaping people's behaviors across cultures?

Cultural relativism Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a genetic trait produced by genes in which neither member of a gene pair can be classified as purely dominant or recessive?

Codominant inheritance Signup and view all the answers

In polygenic inheritance, how is the potential variability in the expression of a trait influenced?

By the environmental conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the result when both parents are carriers of a recessive gene for PKU?

No child will be afflicted with PKU Signup and view all the answers

Which genetic disorder is highlighted in the text as being inherited throughout the royal families of Europe?

Hemophilia Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept where some genes modify the way genetic traits produced by other alleles are displayed?

Gene interaction Signup and view all the answers

How are polygenic traits different from traits controlled by a single gene pair?

Polygenic traits show more variability Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym CRISPR stand for?

Clustered Repeated Sequences in Bacterial DNA Signup and view all the answers

How did scientists repurpose the natural bacterial ability of CRISPR?

To edit DNA in humans Signup and view all the answers

What achievement led to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna winning the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry?

Creating a tool to edit DNA using CRISPR Signup and view all the answers

How was the CRISPR tool used in the text as an example of its potential?

To engineer twins who are immune to a specific virus Signup and view all the answers

What ethical dilemma is presented regarding the use of CRISPR technology in future generations?

Selecting the genetic traits and characteristics of offspring Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the text suggest CRISPR could potentially impact healthcare?

By preventing and curing infectious and genetic diseases Signup and view all the answers

What potential impact does CRISPR hold for addressing mental illnesses according to the text?

Offering the potential to address schizophrenia or depression Signup and view all the answers

Why are males more at risk for X-linked disorders like hemophilia?

Males lack a second X chromosome to counteract the genetic information. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of the location of X-linked genes only on the X chromosome?

Higher risk of X-linked disorders in males. Signup and view all the answers

Why do males have a higher likelihood of red-green color blindness according to the text?

Males lack a second X chromosome to counteract the genetic information. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of hemophilia according to the text?

It is produced by X-linked genes. Signup and view all the answers

How does the presence of two X chromosomes influence females differently from males?

Females are protected from developing X-linked disorders. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason why males are more prone to certain inherited disorders?

Males lack a second chromosome to compensate for defective genes. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of genetic inheritance, why are carriers of X-linked disorders typically females?

Females carry two copies of all genes, providing redundancy. Signup and view all the answers

What does the text imply about Jared's behavior?

It is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it inappropriate to attribute behavior solely to genetic or environmental factors?

Because behavioral traits are influenced by a complex interplay between genetics and the environment. Signup and view all the answers

What impact did Jamal and Leesha's parenting style have on Jared's behavior?

They provided a nurturing environment that encouraged the expression of favorable traits. Signup and view all the answers

Why does the text suggest that there is 'no simple answer' to the nature versus nurture debate?

Because human behavior is complex and influenced by both genetics and environmental factors. Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what is the key takeaway regarding the influence of genetics on human characteristics?

Genetics and the environment work together to determine human characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the dichotomy between nature and nurture in influencing human behavior?

Both nature and nurture have significant roles in determining human behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Why does the text caution against oversimplifying the influence of genetics on behavior?

'Good' or 'bad' genes have direct effects on behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What notion does the text dispel regarding human behavior when discussing genetics and environment?

'Good' or 'bad' behaviors are not exclusively tied to single causative factors. Signup and view all the answers

What message does the text convey about attributing specific behaviors solely to either genetics or environment?

Behaviors can be due to a mix of genetic and environmental influences according to insights from research Signup and view all the answers