56 Questions
Which stage does Erikson propose for middle adulthood?
Generativity versus stagnation
What monumental accomplishment is attributed to Freud in the text?
Introducing the notion of unconscious influences affecting behavior
What impact do memories that we are not consciously aware of have on our behavior according to contemporary researchers?
Significant impact
Why have many basic principles of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory been called into question?
Lack of research support
Which statement is NOT supported by subsequent research in relation to Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
'No research evidence' supporting Freud's theories
Which concept has pervaded thinking in Western cultures as a result of Freud’s work?
The idea of unconscious influences on behavior
What does Erikson's generativity versus stagnation stage primarily involve?
Contributions to family, community, and society
What aspect of human behavior distinguishes them from rats and pigeons, according to the text?
Internal mental activity
Which theory has gained prominence recently over classical and operant conditioning theories?
Cognitive approach
What does the cognitive perspective focus on?
Internal mental activity
What characterizes the cognitive perspective in understanding lifespan development?
Processes of knowing and understanding
In the context of the text, which individual provides the most detailed answer to why it sometimes rains?
Ajima
How does Jake's response differ from Lila's response regarding why it rains?
Jake provides a simple answer while Lila gives a scientific explanation.
Which individual in the text exemplifies a deeper level of understanding based on their response?
Ajima
According to Piaget, what do schemes represent in human thinking?
Organized mental patterns that represent behaviors and actions
In Piaget's theory, what do schemes resemble in terms of function?
Intellectual computer software programs
What is the main difference between assimilation and accommodation in Piaget's theory?
Assimilation occurs when people use their current ways of thinking, while accommodation involves changes in thinking.
How are older children's schemes different from those of infants?
Older children have more abstract and sophisticated schemes.
Which term refers to the process through which individuals understand experiences based on their current cognitive stage?
Assimilation
What is the role of assimilation and accommodation in cognitive development according to Piaget?
They work together to bring about cognitive development.
How do assimilation and accommodation collectively contribute to children's understanding of the world?
By enhancing cognitive flexibility and growth
In the context of the text, which philosophy emphasizes personal identity, uniqueness, freedom, and the worth of the individual?
Individualism
A person raised in a collectivistic culture is more likely to prioritize:
The group's welfare over personal well-being
What is a significant difference between cultures along the individualism-collectivism spectrum?
Valuing group welfare over individual welfare
Based on the text, which cultural value emphasizes the notion that the well-being of the group is paramount?
Collectivism
How do collectivistic cultures typically view the welfare of groups?
As more important than individual welfare
What concept is highlighted in the text as an important element in shaping people's behaviors across cultures?
Cultural relativism
What term describes a genetic trait produced by genes in which neither member of a gene pair can be classified as purely dominant or recessive?
Codominant inheritance
In polygenic inheritance, how is the potential variability in the expression of a trait influenced?
By the environmental conditions
What is the result when both parents are carriers of a recessive gene for PKU?
No child will be afflicted with PKU
Which genetic disorder is highlighted in the text as being inherited throughout the royal families of Europe?
Hemophilia
What is the concept where some genes modify the way genetic traits produced by other alleles are displayed?
Gene interaction
How are polygenic traits different from traits controlled by a single gene pair?
Polygenic traits show more variability
What does the acronym CRISPR stand for?
Clustered Repeated Sequences in Bacterial DNA
How did scientists repurpose the natural bacterial ability of CRISPR?
To edit DNA in humans
What achievement led to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna winning the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry?
Creating a tool to edit DNA using CRISPR
How was the CRISPR tool used in the text as an example of its potential?
To engineer twins who are immune to a specific virus
What ethical dilemma is presented regarding the use of CRISPR technology in future generations?
Selecting the genetic traits and characteristics of offspring
In what way does the text suggest CRISPR could potentially impact healthcare?
By preventing and curing infectious and genetic diseases
What potential impact does CRISPR hold for addressing mental illnesses according to the text?
Offering the potential to address schizophrenia or depression
Why are males more at risk for X-linked disorders like hemophilia?
Males lack a second X chromosome to counteract the genetic information.
What is a significant consequence of the location of X-linked genes only on the X chromosome?
Higher risk of X-linked disorders in males.
Why do males have a higher likelihood of red-green color blindness according to the text?
Males lack a second X chromosome to counteract the genetic information.
What is a characteristic feature of hemophilia according to the text?
It is produced by X-linked genes.
How does the presence of two X chromosomes influence females differently from males?
Females are protected from developing X-linked disorders.
What is a primary reason why males are more prone to certain inherited disorders?
Males lack a second chromosome to compensate for defective genes.
In the context of genetic inheritance, why are carriers of X-linked disorders typically females?
Females carry two copies of all genes, providing redundancy.
What does the text imply about Jared's behavior?
It is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.
Why is it inappropriate to attribute behavior solely to genetic or environmental factors?
Because behavioral traits are influenced by a complex interplay between genetics and the environment.
What impact did Jamal and Leesha's parenting style have on Jared's behavior?
They provided a nurturing environment that encouraged the expression of favorable traits.
Why does the text suggest that there is 'no simple answer' to the nature versus nurture debate?
Because human behavior is complex and influenced by both genetics and environmental factors.
Based on the text, what is the key takeaway regarding the influence of genetics on human characteristics?
Genetics and the environment work together to determine human characteristics.
What does the text suggest about the dichotomy between nature and nurture in influencing human behavior?
Both nature and nurture have significant roles in determining human behavior.
Why does the text caution against oversimplifying the influence of genetics on behavior?
'Good' or 'bad' genes have direct effects on behavior.
What notion does the text dispel regarding human behavior when discussing genetics and environment?
'Good' or 'bad' behaviors are not exclusively tied to single causative factors.
What message does the text convey about attributing specific behaviors solely to either genetics or environment?
Behaviors can be due to a mix of genetic and environmental influences according to insights from research
Explore an overview of Piaget's theory which suggests that human thinking is organized into schemes, representing behaviors and actions, from infant to older children. Get a preview before diving into Chapter 5.
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