Piaget's Theory Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which stage does Erikson propose for middle adulthood?

  • Integrity versus despair
  • Generativity versus stagnation (correct)
  • Childhood versus adulthood
  • Independence versus conformity

What monumental accomplishment is attributed to Freud in the text?

  • Proposing the concept of generativity
  • Introducing the notion of unconscious influences affecting behavior (correct)
  • Validating his psychoanalytic theories
  • Developing the stages of psychosocial development

What impact do memories that we are not consciously aware of have on our behavior according to contemporary researchers?

  • Significant impact (correct)
  • No impact
  • Negative impact
  • Temporary impact

Why have many basic principles of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory been called into question?

<p>Lack of research support (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is NOT supported by subsequent research in relation to Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

<p>'No research evidence' supporting Freud's theories (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept has pervaded thinking in Western cultures as a result of Freud’s work?

<p>The idea of unconscious influences on behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Erikson's generativity versus stagnation stage primarily involve?

<p>Contributions to family, community, and society (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of human behavior distinguishes them from rats and pigeons, according to the text?

<p>Internal mental activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory has gained prominence recently over classical and operant conditioning theories?

<p>Cognitive approach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the cognitive perspective focus on?

<p>Internal mental activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the cognitive perspective in understanding lifespan development?

<p>Processes of knowing and understanding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the text, which individual provides the most detailed answer to why it sometimes rains?

<p>Ajima (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Jake's response differ from Lila's response regarding why it rains?

<p>Jake provides a simple answer while Lila gives a scientific explanation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which individual in the text exemplifies a deeper level of understanding based on their response?

<p>Ajima (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Piaget, what do schemes represent in human thinking?

<p>Organized mental patterns that represent behaviors and actions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Piaget's theory, what do schemes resemble in terms of function?

<p>Intellectual computer software programs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between assimilation and accommodation in Piaget's theory?

<p>Assimilation occurs when people use their current ways of thinking, while accommodation involves changes in thinking. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are older children's schemes different from those of infants?

<p>Older children have more abstract and sophisticated schemes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the process through which individuals understand experiences based on their current cognitive stage?

<p>Assimilation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of assimilation and accommodation in cognitive development according to Piaget?

<p>They work together to bring about cognitive development. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do assimilation and accommodation collectively contribute to children's understanding of the world?

<p>By enhancing cognitive flexibility and growth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the text, which philosophy emphasizes personal identity, uniqueness, freedom, and the worth of the individual?

<p>Individualism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A person raised in a collectivistic culture is more likely to prioritize:

<p>The group's welfare over personal well-being (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant difference between cultures along the individualism-collectivism spectrum?

<p>Valuing group welfare over individual welfare (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, which cultural value emphasizes the notion that the well-being of the group is paramount?

<p>Collectivism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do collectivistic cultures typically view the welfare of groups?

<p>As more important than individual welfare (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept is highlighted in the text as an important element in shaping people's behaviors across cultures?

<p>Cultural relativism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a genetic trait produced by genes in which neither member of a gene pair can be classified as purely dominant or recessive?

<p>Codominant inheritance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In polygenic inheritance, how is the potential variability in the expression of a trait influenced?

<p>By the environmental conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result when both parents are carriers of a recessive gene for PKU?

<p>No child will be afflicted with PKU (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which genetic disorder is highlighted in the text as being inherited throughout the royal families of Europe?

<p>Hemophilia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept where some genes modify the way genetic traits produced by other alleles are displayed?

<p>Gene interaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are polygenic traits different from traits controlled by a single gene pair?

<p>Polygenic traits show more variability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym CRISPR stand for?

<p>Clustered Repeated Sequences in Bacterial DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did scientists repurpose the natural bacterial ability of CRISPR?

<p>To edit DNA in humans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What achievement led to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna winning the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry?

<p>Creating a tool to edit DNA using CRISPR (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How was the CRISPR tool used in the text as an example of its potential?

<p>To engineer twins who are immune to a specific virus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ethical dilemma is presented regarding the use of CRISPR technology in future generations?

<p>Selecting the genetic traits and characteristics of offspring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the text suggest CRISPR could potentially impact healthcare?

<p>By preventing and curing infectious and genetic diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential impact does CRISPR hold for addressing mental illnesses according to the text?

<p>Offering the potential to address schizophrenia or depression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are males more at risk for X-linked disorders like hemophilia?

<p>Males lack a second X chromosome to counteract the genetic information. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of the location of X-linked genes only on the X chromosome?

<p>Higher risk of X-linked disorders in males. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do males have a higher likelihood of red-green color blindness according to the text?

<p>Males lack a second X chromosome to counteract the genetic information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of hemophilia according to the text?

<p>It is produced by X-linked genes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the presence of two X chromosomes influence females differently from males?

<p>Females are protected from developing X-linked disorders. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason why males are more prone to certain inherited disorders?

<p>Males lack a second chromosome to compensate for defective genes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of genetic inheritance, why are carriers of X-linked disorders typically females?

<p>Females carry two copies of all genes, providing redundancy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text imply about Jared's behavior?

<p>It is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it inappropriate to attribute behavior solely to genetic or environmental factors?

<p>Because behavioral traits are influenced by a complex interplay between genetics and the environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did Jamal and Leesha's parenting style have on Jared's behavior?

<p>They provided a nurturing environment that encouraged the expression of favorable traits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the text suggest that there is 'no simple answer' to the nature versus nurture debate?

<p>Because human behavior is complex and influenced by both genetics and environmental factors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what is the key takeaway regarding the influence of genetics on human characteristics?

<p>Genetics and the environment work together to determine human characteristics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the dichotomy between nature and nurture in influencing human behavior?

<p>Both nature and nurture have significant roles in determining human behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the text caution against oversimplifying the influence of genetics on behavior?

<p>'Good' or 'bad' genes have direct effects on behavior. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What notion does the text dispel regarding human behavior when discussing genetics and environment?

<p>'Good' or 'bad' behaviors are not exclusively tied to single causative factors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What message does the text convey about attributing specific behaviors solely to either genetics or environment?

<p>Behaviors can be due to a mix of genetic and environmental influences according to insights from research (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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