39 Questions
Which perspective challenges Piaget's assumption of abrupt change toward logical reasoning around age 6 or 7?
Information-processing perspective
According to some experts, what modification is suggested for Piaget's stage concept?
Combining Piaget's stage approach with task-specific changes
How do preschoolers typically depict objects in drawings according to Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
They depict objects separately, ignoring spatial arrangements
What do investigators who combine Piaget's stage approach with information-processing emphasize?
Task-specific change over an extended period
What key aspect must Piaget's strict stage definition be transformed into according to some experts?
A less tightly knit concept
What is the term Piaget used to describe the failure to distinguish the symbolic viewpoints of others from one's own?
Egocentrism
According to Piaget, what do preoperational children lack the capability of?
Mental representations of actions that obey logical rules
What is a common belief of preoperational children according to Piaget?
Inanimate objects have lifelike qualities
What limitation is associated with preoperational thinking according to Piaget?
Rigid and limited to one aspect of a situation at a time
What is the term used to describe mental representations of actions that obey logical rules?
Operations
What type of reasoning do preschoolers use to identify the features that form the basis of a category?
Causal reasoning
How do preschoolers classify new members into categories?
Using logical, causal reasoning
What capacity do preschoolers already have when it comes to classifying hierarchically?
Hierarchical categorization
What did Piaget suggest about the cognitive capacities of young children in the preoperational stage based on recent research findings?
Piaget was partly wrong and partly right
When given simplified tasks based on familiar experiences, what cognitive ability do preschoolers demonstrate according to the text?
Logical thinking beginnings
What did Piaget consider as the most flexible means of mental representation in cognitive development during early childhood?
Language
According to Piaget, what leads to internal images of experience that children then label with words?
Sensorimotor activity
What aspect of cognitive development does Piaget believe precedes the use of language to label experiences in early childhood?
Sensorimotor activity
What did Piaget underestimate according to the text when considering language's impact on children's cognition?
The influence of language
In Piaget's view, what initiates the development of representation in early childhood before the use of language to label experiences?
Sensorimotor activity
According to Piaget's theory, when do children typically acquire the ability to conserve number, mass, and liquid?
During the concrete operational stage, around 4-7 years old
Which of the following best describes the finding that preschool children can be trained to perform well on Piagetian conservation tasks?
It supports the idea that operational thought is not abruptly acquired but develops gradually
During the preoperational stage, children are typically able to:
Engage in make-believe play and use symbolic representation
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a cognitive attainment of early childhood?
Performing abstract reasoning and formal logical operations
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between training and understanding in the context of Piagetian conservation tasks?
Children with some understanding of conservation can benefit from training
What did Sammy's reaction to the loud thunder demonstrate?
Preoperational children's egocentrism and animistic thinking
Sammy's ability to accurately count and distribute milk cartons demonstrates which characteristic of preoperational thought?
Intuitive thought and the ability to grasp basic concepts like number
If Sammy were presented with a conservation of liquid task, which of the following would he most likely exhibit?
He would focus on the perceptual cues and judge that the taller, narrower container has more liquid.
Which of the following best illustrates the limitations of preoperational thought described in the passage?
Sammy's difficulty in understanding the physical cause of thunder
Based on the information provided, at what stage of cognitive development would Sammy most likely be able to successfully conserve number, mass, and liquid?
The concrete operational stage
Which of the following demonstrates preschoolers' ability to engage in impressive reasoning about physical changes?
Recognizing that a cut-up apple is the correct match for a cut-up play dough in relation to a whole apple.
In which situation do preschoolers tend to use illogical reasoning?
When they have to deal with unfamiliar topics or too much information.
What does the text suggest about preschoolers' understanding of the insides of animals?
They believe that animals' insides are responsible for certain cause-effect sequences, unlike machines.
What do preschoolers' categories include, challenging Piaget's assumption?
Objects that go together based on their common function, behavior, or natural kind.
Based on the information provided, which of the following statements about conservation tasks is accurate?
Preschoolers struggle with class inclusion tasks but organize their everyday knowledge into nested categories.
What is a limitation of preoperational thinking, as described by Piaget?
Difficulty in reasoning about unfamiliar topics or contradictory information.
Which of the following statements best represents a challenge to Piaget's assumption about preschoolers' thinking, based on the information provided?
Preschoolers can engage in logical reasoning about physical changes in familiar contexts.
Based on the information provided, which of the following statements about preschoolers' categorization abilities is accurate?
Preschoolers categorize objects based on their common function, behavior, or natural kind.
Which of the following statements about preschoolers' understanding of cause-effect sequences is accurate?
Preschoolers realize that animals' insides are responsible for certain cause-effect sequences.
Explore the debate surrounding Piaget's theory of cognitive development, particularly questioning the existence of a preoperational stage. Learn about alternative perspectives such as the information-processing theory and the idea of gradual development in logical operations.
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