Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
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Questions and Answers

What is developmental psychology?

  • The examination of psychological disorders.
  • The study of human genetics.
  • The analysis of people's behavior in social settings.
  • The scientific study of how people change physically, cognitively, socially, and emotionally. (correct)

    • Maturation refers to experiences that influence growth.

    False

    What are the two methodological approaches used in studying development?

    Cross-sectional and longitudinal designs

    ________ and nurture require each other in the development process.

    <p>Nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the research designs to their descriptions:

    <p>Cross-sectional design = Compares participants of different age groups Longitudinal design = Tracks participants across time Maturation = Biological growth processes independent of experience Nature vs Nurture = Effects of genetics and environment on development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a challenge when studying development?

    <p>Measures that work well for one age group may not work for another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex is NOT mentioned as a key reflex in newborns?

    <p>Kicking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Newborns have reflexes that help them connect with other people.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Researchers can simply ask infants to tell them what they think and feel.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distance do newborns prefer to look at objects?

    <p>8 to 12 inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'nature vs nurture' refer to in developmental psychology?

    <p>The interplay between genetic factors and environmental influences on development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The recovery of a response that has undergone habituation is known as __________.

    <p>dishabituation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following reflexes with their descriptions.

    <p>Rooting = Turning head towards stimuli touching the cheek Sucking = Involuntary response for feeding Grasping = Tightly holding onto objects placed in hand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it evolutionarily beneficial for infants to mimic their parents' movements?

    <p>It promotes bonding and communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Habituation results in increased responsiveness to repeated stimuli.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which infants gradually develop motor skills over time called?

    <p>Maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the sequential design in studying development?

    <p>It tracks multiple age groups across multiple time points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The germinal stage lasts from conception to two weeks.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed during the germinal stage after the fertilization of the egg?

    <p>Zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An unborn, developing offspring between the 2nd and 8th week of pregnancy is called an ______.

    <p>embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the stages of human development with their characteristics:

    <p>Germinal stage = Conception, implantation, formation of placenta Embryonic stage = Formation of vital organs and systems Fetal stage = Bodily growth continues, movement capability begins Zygote = Fertilized egg, formed by the union of sperm and egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of a longitudinal study?

    <p>It requires significant time and resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cohort effect refers to the changes observed in individuals due to developmental stages across different generations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of studying development during the fetal stage?

    <p>Bodily growth and brain cell multiplication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the process of using an existing schema to interpret a new experience?

    <p>Assimilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children are considered mini-adults according to Piaget's theory.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two complementary processes that alter children's thinking patterns according to Piaget?

    <p>Assimilation and Accommodation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A __________ is a mental structure that represents our experiences.

    <p>schema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage do children's thinking patterns undergo significant change according to Piaget?

    <p>Every age from infancy onward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Accommodation involves incorporating information from new experiences into existing schemas.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do assimilation and accommodation play out for infants in the real world?

    <p>Infants use assimilation to relate new experiences to familiar ones and accommodation to change their schemas when faced with new information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the cognitive processes with their definitions:

    <p>Schema = A mental structure that represents experiences Assimilation = Using an existing schema to interpret new experiences Accommodation = Revising schemas to incorporate new information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development?

    <p>Knowledge developed through senses and actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Centration is the ability to focus on multiple features of a problem simultaneously.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cognitive ability do children develop in the concrete operational stage that allows them to understand that the amount of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape?

    <p>conservation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the _________ stage, children use symbolic thought, but struggle with seeing situations from multiple perspectives.

    <p>preoperational</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the cognitive development stage with its age range:

    <p>Sensorimotor = Birth to 2 years Preoperational = 2 to 7 years Concrete operational = 7 to 12 years Formal operational = 12 years and up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does egocentrism in children’s thinking lead to?

    <p>The belief that all things have life like oneself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critique is often made about Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

    <p>They underestimate children's abilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the formal operational stage, children can only solve problems involving concrete objects or events.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Piaget's Theory

    • Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that children's thinking undergoes a series of stages, and each stage is associated with a specific age range.
    • Children are not considered mini-adults because their thinking differs from that of adults.
    • There are two processes for aligning new experiences with understanding: assimilation and accommodation.
    • Assimilation is using an existing schema to interpret a new experience.
    • Accommodation is revising schemas to incorporate information from new experiences.
    • This theory provides a framework for understanding how children acquire knowledge and develop their cognitive abilities.

    Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development

    • The sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years) is characterized by developing knowledge through senses and actions, but children cannot yet think using symbols (like language).
    • The preoperational stage (2 to 7 years) is characterized by mastery of symbols, but children struggle with multiple perspectives and imagining changes.
    • The concrete operational stage (7 to 12 years) is characterized by the ability to use multiple perspectives, imagination, and the ability to apply thinking to concrete objects or events.
    • The formal operational stage (12 years and up) is characterized by the ability to reason about abstract problems and hypothetical propositions.

    Key Terms for Cognitive Development

    • Object permanence: the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight.
    • Centration: the tendency to focus on just one feature of a problem.
    • Egocentrism: the limited ability to share another's viewpoint.
    • Animism: The belief that all things are living, just like oneself.
    • Decentration: Children's ability to focus on more than one feature of a problem simultaneously.
    • Conservation: Recognizing that the amount of a substance does not change just because appearance is changed.

    Criticisms of Piaget

    • Piaget's theory has been criticized for underestimation of children's abilities and oversimplification of cognitive development.
    • Cognitive development is more continuous than stage-like.

    Example of Assimilation and Accommodation

    • A child's initial schema of "grandma" may include the feature of being an older woman.
    • When a child sees a woman who is older but does not have grandchildren, she must accommodate her schema of "grandma" to include other features beyond just age.
    • This example demonstrates how children are constantly adjusting their schemas to incorporate new experiences.

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    Developmental Psychology Part 1 PDF

    Description

    Explore Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which outlines how children's thinking evolves through distinct stages based on age. This quiz covers the processes of assimilation and accommodation, as well as the characteristics of each developmental stage, from birth to age seven. Test your understanding of this foundational theory in child development.

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