33 Questions
What term refers to the tendency to focus on one aspect of a situation and neglect others?
Centration
Which term describes the failure to understand that an action can go in two or more directions?
Irreversibility
What type of memory refers to general knowledge and facts?
Semantic Memory
Which approach involves the focusing of mental resources on select information?
Information-Processing Memory Approach
At what age does autobiographical memory generally emerge according to the text?
3 to 4 years old
What aspect of attention involves action planning, allocating attention to goals, and error detection?
Executive Attention
What is the first step in the memory process according to the text?
Encoding
Where is Working Memory primarily located based on the text?
Prefrontal Cortex
What is Sustained Attention defined as in the text?
Extended engagement with a task
Which memory storage type is a short-term storehouse for information a person is actively working on?
Working Memory
What strategy do preschool children tend to use, according to the text, when making judgments without examining all the details?
Haphazard Comparison
What is the role of Retrieval in the memory process according to the text?
Searching for and retrieving information from memory
What term refers to the acquisition of gender roles?
Gender-typing
According to Kohlberg, what is the stage where children realize their gender will always be the same?
Gender constancy
What theory suggests that children actively search for gender cues in their social environment?
Gender-Schema Theory
Which term refers to preconceived generalizations about male or female behavior?
Gender stereotypes
According to Walter Mischel, how do children acquire gender roles?
By imitating models and being rewarded for gender-appropriate behavior
What is the term for a child's awareness of their own gender and that of others?
Gender identity
Which type of child maltreatment involves ignoring, isolating, or showing dislike for a child?
Child Neglect
Which parenting style emphasizes control and unquestioning obedience, with high control but low responsiveness?
Authoritarian
What is the intended purpose of Power Assertion in parenting?
Stop or discourage undesirable behavior through physical or verbal enforcement
Which type of child maltreatment involves acts or omissions that could cause serious behavioral, cognitive, or emotional problems?
Emotional Abuse
In which parenting style are warmth and responsiveness high, but control is low?
Permissive/Indulgent
What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) according to Vygotsky?
The space where children can learn with adult assistance
Which method of teaching emphasizes children's natural intelligence involving rational, spiritual, and empirical aspects?
Montessori Method
What is Fast Mapping in the context of language development?
Quickly learning new words after hearing them once or twice
Which type of speech involves talking aloud to oneself with no intent to communicate with others?
Private Speech
At what age do children typically begin to describe themselves in terms of generalized traits according to their self-concept?
5-7 years old
What do children whose self-esteem is contingent on success tend to do when they fail?
Become demoralized
'Emotion-Coaching Parents' assist children in dealing effectively with emotions by:
Viewing negative emotions as teaching opportunities
'Social Emotions' involve a comparison of one's actions to social standards, which of the following is NOT a social emotion mentioned in the text?
Anger
'Developmentally Appropriate Practice' is based on knowledge of children's typical development within an age span and the uniqueness of the child. Which approach does NOT follow this principle?
Zone of Proximal Development
'Self-Esteem' is defined as the self-evaluative part of the self-concept. What type of self-esteem tends to be unidimensional?
Contingent self-esteem
Explore the characteristics of Piaget's Preoperational Stage which includes centration, lack of conservation, and egocentric thinking. Learn about children's ability to focus on one aspect of a situation at a time and their struggle with mental operations. Understand the limitations in children's cognitive development during this stage.
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