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Questions and Answers
What is the primary symptom of manganese deficiency in leaves?
What is the primary symptom of manganese deficiency in leaves?
What corrective measure is recommended for nitrogen deficiency in black gram?
What corrective measure is recommended for nitrogen deficiency in black gram?
What symptom indicates phosphorus deficiency in plants?
What symptom indicates phosphorus deficiency in plants?
Which of the following is a symptom of zinc deficiency?
Which of the following is a symptom of zinc deficiency?
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What visible change occurs in leaves due to magnesium deficiency?
What visible change occurs in leaves due to magnesium deficiency?
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In cases of nitrogen deficiency, which leaves display symptoms first?
In cases of nitrogen deficiency, which leaves display symptoms first?
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What corrective measure can be applied if phosphorus deficiency is observed in standing crops?
What corrective measure can be applied if phosphorus deficiency is observed in standing crops?
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What condition can lead to the leaves of a plant turning bluish green over time?
What condition can lead to the leaves of a plant turning bluish green over time?
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What initial visual symptom is associated with interveinal chlorosis in leaves?
What initial visual symptom is associated with interveinal chlorosis in leaves?
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What is the correction measure for interveinal chlorosis caused by zinc deficiency?
What is the correction measure for interveinal chlorosis caused by zinc deficiency?
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In mild nitrogen deficiency in pigeon pea, what is the appearance of the plant?
In mild nitrogen deficiency in pigeon pea, what is the appearance of the plant?
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What color change does phosphorus deficiency induce in older leaves of pigeon pea?
What color change does phosphorus deficiency induce in older leaves of pigeon pea?
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Which of the following describes the initial signs of potassium deficiency in leaves?
Which of the following describes the initial signs of potassium deficiency in leaves?
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What is the last stage symptom concerning the midrib during nitrogen deficiency?
What is the last stage symptom concerning the midrib during nitrogen deficiency?
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What application is vital in managing nitrogen deficiency during the initial growth stages?
What application is vital in managing nitrogen deficiency during the initial growth stages?
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How does interveinal chlorosis progress when severe deficiency occurs?
How does interveinal chlorosis progress when severe deficiency occurs?
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What is the primary process by which rhizofiltration removes contaminants?
What is the primary process by which rhizofiltration removes contaminants?
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What characterizes phytovolatilization?
What characterizes phytovolatilization?
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What relation do plant roots have with microbial communities in the rhizosphere?
What relation do plant roots have with microbial communities in the rhizosphere?
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How do plants contribute to soil stabilization?
How do plants contribute to soil stabilization?
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What is a major environmental benefit of phytoremediation?
What is a major environmental benefit of phytoremediation?
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What is one of the main advantages of using biomass for heavy metal adsorption?
What is one of the main advantages of using biomass for heavy metal adsorption?
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What role do plant enzymes play in phytoremediation?
What role do plant enzymes play in phytoremediation?
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What is primarily enhanced by the symbiotic relationship between plants and soil microorganisms?
What is primarily enhanced by the symbiotic relationship between plants and soil microorganisms?
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What symptoms are indicative of potassium deficiency in plants?
What symptoms are indicative of potassium deficiency in plants?
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What correction measure is recommended for calcium deficiency in plants?
What correction measure is recommended for calcium deficiency in plants?
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Which deficiency causes the entire plant to appear light green initially?
Which deficiency causes the entire plant to appear light green initially?
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What symptom would likely be observed in plants suffering from copper deficiency?
What symptom would likely be observed in plants suffering from copper deficiency?
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What correction measure should be applied for severe boron deficiency?
What correction measure should be applied for severe boron deficiency?
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Which nutrient is associated with interveinal chlorosis and stunted growth?
Which nutrient is associated with interveinal chlorosis and stunted growth?
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What is the correction measure for iron deficiency in plants?
What is the correction measure for iron deficiency in plants?
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What symptom is typically NOT associated with calcium deficiency?
What symptom is typically NOT associated with calcium deficiency?
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What is the corrective measure for Iron deficiency symptoms in plants?
What is the corrective measure for Iron deficiency symptoms in plants?
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Which deficiency is characterized by yellowing leaves and premature senescence of older leaves?
Which deficiency is characterized by yellowing leaves and premature senescence of older leaves?
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What is a symptom of Zinc deficiency in plants?
What is a symptom of Zinc deficiency in plants?
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What correction measure is recommended for Manganese deficiency?
What correction measure is recommended for Manganese deficiency?
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If a plant has leaves that become smaller and malformed, which nutrient deficiency might it indicate?
If a plant has leaves that become smaller and malformed, which nutrient deficiency might it indicate?
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Which nutrient deficiency might exhibit symptoms resembling sulfur deficiency?
Which nutrient deficiency might exhibit symptoms resembling sulfur deficiency?
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What characteristic symptom is associated with Molybdenum deficiency?
What characteristic symptom is associated with Molybdenum deficiency?
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What is the recommended foliar spray concentration for correcting Boron deficiency?
What is the recommended foliar spray concentration for correcting Boron deficiency?
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Study Notes
Rhizofiltration
- Constructed wetlands utilize plant roots to remove contaminants from wastewater by adsorption, precipitation, and absorption.
Phytovolatilization
- Plants absorb and transpire contaminants, releasing them or modified forms to the atmosphere.
- This process occurs as plants take up water and contaminants, releasing them from the leaves.
Phytoremediation Advantages
- More environmentally friendly, aesthetically pleasing, and less disruptive than traditional physical and chemical methods.
- Effective in contaminant reduction.
- Low-cost and applicable to a wide range of contaminants.
Interveinal Chlorosis
- Chlorosis begins at the leaf tip and progresses towards the base.
- Main veins remain green and prominent.
- Affected leaves develop necrotic spots and lesions in the interveinal areas.
- Tissues of the necrotic spots drop from the leaf lamina, creating holes.
Redgram (Cajanus cajan) Nitrogen Deficiency
- Occurs during the initial stages of growth before nitrogen-fixing nodules develop.
- Mild deficiency results in uniform light green plant.
- Severe deficiency causes chlorosis in older leaves progressing to uniform pale green, greenish yellow, or pale yellow.
- The midrib remains green and turns yellow at the end.
Redgram Phosphorus Deficiency
- Characterized by a dark green to bluish dark green color of the foliage.
- Older leaves become darker than younger ones.
- In advanced stages, older leaves turn orange-yellow and shed.
Redgram Potassium Deficiency
- Leaf tip turns yellow or brown.
- Yellowing spreads from the tip towards the leaf margin and coalesces with similar areas at the ends of lateral veins.
- Leaf tip becomes scorched as symptoms worsen.
- Leaves are yellow, but veins remain green.
- Young leaves turn completely yellow, and dark brownish-black spots appear on the leaf.
Redgram Zinc Deficiency
- Stunted growth and narrowing of leaves with pale green or yellow color.
- Interveinal chlorosis starts at the tip of leaflets and spreads leaving only the midrib green.
Blackgram Nitrogen Deficiency
- Restricts plant height, leaf size, and branch numbers.
- Decreases flowering, pod numbers, pod length, seed numbers, and seed size, ultimately reducing yield.
- Due to nitrogen's mobility within plants, older leaves show deficiency symptoms first.
Blackgram Phosphorus Deficiency
- Delays crop maturity.
- Decreases the number and size of pods, resulting in poor yields.
- Older leaves display deficiency symptoms first due to phosphorus's mobility.
- Plants become dark green, and lower stems turn purplish. Deficient plants may develop purple pigmentation on older leaves.
Blackgram Magnesium Deficiency
- Leaves turn from green to yellowish, with basal leaves remaining green.
- Spots appear between the veins.
- Leaves curl downward.
- Lowest leaves become white to yellow with the base remaining green.
- Pale brown necrotic spots develop with a dark brown margin.
- Brown spots appear on the pods.
- Older leaves become uniformly yellow while young leaves may remain light green.
Blackgram Potassium Deficiency
- Chlorosis starts at the tip and along the leaf margins of old leaves.
- Old leaves turn brown and become scorched from the tips and margins.
- Eventually, old leaves dry and fall off early.
Blackgram Calcium Deficiency
- Rare in leaves and stems.
- Small distorted leaves near branch tips and terminal buds may blacken and stop developing.
- Most common symptom in developing fruit is a lack of kernel formation, darkened plumule if kernel develops, and reduced seed germination.
Blackgram Sulfur Deficiency
- Initially, the whole plant appears light green.
- Younger leaves become pale green or pale yellow.
- Uniform chlorosis develops over the entire leaf, covering both veins and interveinal tissues.
- In acute deficiency, the entire plant turns yellow.
Blackgram Boron Deficiency
- Restricted growth of young leaves, giving a rosette effect.
- Affected pod development resulting in "pop" pods.
- Small leaves, stubby branches, stems may split, and pods may show hollow heart and discoloration.
Blackgram Copper Deficiency
- Chlorosis in younger leaves, distorted leaflets, and scattering of yellowish-white spots on leaves.
Blackgram Manganese Deficiency
- Interveinal chlorosis and stunted growth.
Blackgram Iron Deficiency
- Pale yellow chlorosis develops in interveinal tissues while the veins remain green and prominent.
- Chlorosis extends the full length of the leaves.
- As chlorosis advances, veins also become chlorotic, and the entire leaf may appear pale yellow.
- In the later stage, leaves turn almost white and may become necrotic.
Blackgram Magnesium Deficiency
- Rusty or freckled appearance, spotting pronounced on the older leaves.
- Stalks show internal browning.
Blackgram Sulfur Deficiency
- Plants have an off-color or yellowish-green appearance, like N deficiency, the youngest leaves are more chlorotic.
- Stalks short, thin, and leaf area reduced.
Blackgram Boron Deficiency
- Leaves become smaller and malformed.
Blackgram Copper Deficiency
- Symptoms occur in young leaves; leaves become yellow in color and smaller in size.
Blackgram Iron Deficiency
- Young leaves develop pale stripes with scanty chlorophyll content between parallel lines.
- Leaves turn completely white, even in the veins and midribs.
- Restricted root growth and stunted appearance with constricted internodes.
Blackgram Manganese Deficiency
- Chlorosis in young leaves increases to a uniform yellow, a gray metallic purplish luster develops on the leaf surface.
- Upward curving of blade margins.
Blackgram Molybdenum Deficiency
- Resembles S deficiency.
- Pitting develops along the veins.
Blackgram Zinc Deficiency
- Light greening or yellowing first appears in younger leaves followed by pitting, collapse, and drying of interveinal tissue, leaving the veins green.
Sugarbeet Nitrogen Deficiency
- Yellowing of leaves.
- Premature senescence of older leaves.
- Seedlings yellow, center leaves green in color.
Sugarbeet Phosphorus Deficiency
- Plants smaller in size and have a deep green color ranging from a dull grey green to almost bluish-green.
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Description
This quiz covers various phytoremediation techniques, including rhizofiltration and phytovolatilization, which utilize plant roots for contaminant removal. It discusses advantages of these methods over traditional cleanup processes. Additionally, the quiz addresses plant physiological responses, such as interveinal chlorosis and nitrogen deficiency in crops like redgram.
