Physiotherapy in Surgical Conditions

Common Surgical Complications

• Respiratory complications: Weakness of respiratory muscles, limited chest expansion, pneumonia, and reduced lung capacity.
• Circulatory complications: Includes Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and hydrostatic hypotension.
• Pressure sores and edema can develop post-surgery.
• Pain, muscle weakness, spasms, limited range of motion (ROM), and deformities (contractures) may occur.
• Reduced coordination and balance, along with gait problems, are common.
• Other risks include myocardial infarction, asthma, postoperative fever, infections, hemorrhage, and bowel and urinary issues.

Common Surgical Procedures

• Gastrectomy and intestinal surgeries.
• Liver, renal, and splenectomy surgeries.
• Chest wall and herniotomy procedures.

General Roles of Physiotherapy

• Aims to prevent and treat postoperative complications.

Respiratory Complications Management

• Chest physiotherapy methods: postural drainage, vibration, coughing techniques, incentive spirometers, and early ambulation.

DVT Prevention

• Techniques include circulation exercises, elevation, compression stockings, general breathing exercises, calf/ankle pumps, and early ambulation.

Bed Sore Prevention and Treatment

• Position changes and correct cushioning are vital for prevention.
• Treatment of existing sores may involve laser therapy, infrared treatment, high-voltage pulsed current, and ultraviolet therapy.

Edema Management

• Edema prevention through correct positioning and elevation; can be treated with drainage exercises and lymphatic drainage massage.

Hydrostatic Hypotension Management

• Addressed with gradual position changes and the use of tilting tables.

Improving Functional Ability

• Exercises focus on enhancing bed mobility, transfers (e.g., from supine to sitting), and wheelchair management.

Muscle Weakness Management

• Strategies include passive ROM exercises and strength training based on patient condition.

Maintaining ROM

• Regular ROM exercises are essential to preserve joint flexibility.

Deformity Correction

• Utilize proper positioning and splints while implementing stretching exercises and orthoses for corrections.

Posture Maintenance and Improvement

• Postural exercises and visual feedback (e.g., mirrors) help correct alignment.

Coordination and Balance Enhancement

• Coordination can be improved through task-oriented therapy (CIMT) and specific coordination exercises.
• Balance training includes static exercises for stability and dynamic training with gait practices.

Early Ambulation and Gait Training

• Assessment of muscle strength, weight-bearing capabilities, balance, and coordination prior to initiating gait training.
• Selection of appropriate assistive devices is critical to patient-centered rehabilitation.

Pain and Inflammation Treatment

• Focus on managing pain, addressing inflammatory signs, and treating adhesion and scar tissue post-surgery.

Explore the crucial role of physiotherapy in managing complications arising from surgical conditions. This quiz covers common issues such as respiratory and circulatory complications, pressure sores, and pain management. Test your knowledge on effective rehabilitation strategies to enhance patient recovery.