Physiotherapy in Musculoskeletal Conditions

Purpose: Enhance mobility, strength, and function.
Types of Exercises:
- Strengthening: Focus on specific muscle groups to improve support for joints.
- Stretching: Increase flexibility and range of motion.
- Aerobic: Enhance endurance and overall fitness.
Individualization: Prescriptions should be tailored based on patient’s condition, goals, and activity level.
Progression: Monitor patient progress and adapt exercises to prevent plateauing.

Techniques:
- Mobilization: Passive movements to improve joint function and reduce pain.
- Manipulation: High-velocity thrust techniques to restore mobility.
- Soft Tissue Techniques: Massage and myofascial release to alleviate tension.
Goals: Restore movement, decrease pain, and improve function.
Indications: Effective for conditions like arthritis, injuries, and chronic pain syndromes.

Education: Teach patients about pain mechanisms and self-management techniques.
Physical Modalities:
- Heat/Ice: Used to manage inflammation and provide relief.
- Electrotherapy: Techniques such as TENS to reduce pain perception.
Therapeutic Exercise: Incorporate into pain management to enhance function and decrease discomfort.
Active Coping Strategies: Encourage mindfulness and relaxation techniques to manage pain.

Phases of Rehabilitation:
- Acute: Focus on protecting the injury and minimizing swelling.
- Subacute: Introduce gentle movements and begin strengthening.
- Chronic: Gradually return to higher levels of function and sport-specific drills.
Functional Training: Emphasize activities of daily living and sport-specific tasks.
Goal Setting: Collaborate with patients to establish achievable, clear rehabilitation goals.

Immediate Care:
- Manage pain and swelling with modalities and education.
- Begin gentle active range of motion exercises post-surgery as soon as appropriate.
Rehabilitation Protocols: Follow specific guidelines based on the type of surgery (e.g., knee, hip replacements).
Progressive Loading: Gradually increase activity levels to restore function while monitoring for complications.
Functional Return: Aim for a return to pre-operative activity levels while considering prevention of re-injury.

Physiotherapy uses exercise to improve mobility, strength, and function.
Exercise types include strengthening, stretching, and aerobic exercises.
Exercise prescriptions are individualized based on the patient's condition, goals, and activity level.
Exercise prescriptions should be progressively adjusted to prevent plateauing.

Manual therapy techniques aim to restore movement, decrease pain, and improve function.
Mobilization, manipulation, and soft tissue techniques are used to address musculoskeletal issues.
Manual therapy is effective for conditions like arthritis, injuries, and chronic pain syndromes.

Physiotherapists educate patients on pain mechanisms and self-management techniques.
Physical modalities like heat, ice, and electrotherapy are used to manage inflammation and pain.
Therapeutic exercises are incorporated to improve function and decrease discomfort.
Active coping strategies like mindfulness and relaxation techniques are encouraged.

Rehabilitation progresses through acute, subacute, and chronic phases.
Functional training focuses on activities of daily living and sport-specific tasks.
Clear rehabilitation goals are established in collaboration with the patient.

Immediate post-operative care includes pain and swelling management, gentle active range of motion exercises.
Rehabilitation protocols follow specific guidelines based on the type of surgery.
Progressive loading helps restore function while preventing complications.
The ultimate goal is to return to pre-operative activity levels while focusing on injury prevention.