Physiology Week 2: Muscle Function and Structure

What is the resting potential of a nerve fiber in millivolts?

What is the primary reason for the diffusion of potassium ions out of the cell?

During the depolarization state, what ions are allowed to flow into the cell?

What is the main function of the voltage-gated potassium channels during the repolarization state?

What is the term for the diffusion potential level across a membrane that exactly opposes the membrane becoming positively charged?

What is the primary reason for the hyperpolarization state?

What is the absolute refractory period?

What is the consequence of the differential permeability of the membrane to ions?

What is the primary reason for the high concentration of potassium ions in the cytosol?

What is the primary function of the Na-K Pump in nerve cells?

What type of ion channels are opened during the local depolarization of the muscle fiber membrane?

What is the primary function of acetylcholinesterase in the neuromuscular junction?

What is the term for the rapid removal of acetylcholine from the synaptic cleft?

What is the term for the process by which an action potential in a motor neuron triggers muscle contraction?

What is the primary cause of Myasthenia Gravis?

What is the primary function of the active zone in the presynaptic terminal?

What type of channels are opened in the muscle fiber membrane during the local depolarization?

What is the primary function of the SNARE proteins in the synaptic vesicles?

Which of the following muscle properties is responsible for the ability to return to its original shape after being stretched?

What is the function of the T-tubules in skeletal muscle fibers?

What is the primary function of myoglobin in skeletal muscles?

What is the primary function of the RYR channel in the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

What is the effect of Ca2+ binding to troponin?

What is the term for the ability of a muscle to be stimulated by a motor nerve?

What is the type of muscle fiber that is rich in mitochondria and relies on oxidative metabolism?

What is the significance of the transverse tubules (T-tubules) in muscle contraction?

What is the role of Na+ channels in the generation of an action potential?

What is the term for the potential difference generated across a membrane when a charged solute (ion) diffuses down its concentration gradient?

What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle fibers?

What is the result of the binding of ATP to the myosin head?

What is the function of the DHPR in the neuromuscular junction?

What is the term for the bundle or cluster of muscle fibers that are surrounded by perimysium?

What is the effect of the myosin head bending towards the center of the sarcomeres?

What is the term for the thin membrane that encloses a skeletal muscle cell?

What is the role of the voltage-gated K+ channels in the repolarization of the sarcolemma?

What is the result of the action potential propagating down the T-tubules?

What is the primary function of the Ca 2+ active transport pump?

What is the term for a single contraction and relaxation cycle produced by an action potential within a muscle fiber?

What is the primary source of energy for muscle contraction, accounting for 95% of energy used?

What is the term for the phenomenon where successive muscle contractions fuse together at a critical frequency, resulting in a smooth and continuous contraction?

What is the term for the relationship between muscle length and contraction strength?

What is the primary role of creatine phosphokinase in muscle contraction?

What is the term for the decrease in muscle contraction strength that occurs when the muscle is shortened or stretched?

What is the term for the region of the sarcomere where only thick filaments are present?

What is the term for the contraction of a whole muscle that appears to be completely smooth and continuous due to the rapid fusion of successive muscle twitches?