Physiology of Nervous System Lecture 6

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the nervous system?

To filter blood

To produce hormones

To regulate body temperature

To control all body activities, voluntary and involuntary (correct)

What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?

To produce myelin sheath

To conduct nerve impulses away from the cell body

To conduct nerve impulses toward the cell body (correct)

To provide structural support to the neuron

What is the function of the myelin sheath in a neuron?

To produce neurotransmitters

To provide structural support to the neuron

To conduct nerve impulses away from the cell body

To act as a covering for the axon (correct)

What is the function of the terminal end fibers in a neuron?

To transmit impulses leaving the neuron across a synapse to the next neuron Signup and view all the answers

What is the main processing center of the neuron?

Cell body Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of neurilemma?

To act as a covering for the axon Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuron conveys information from the CNS to muscles and glands?

Efferent (motor) neuron Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the corpus callosum?

To connect the two hemispheres of the cerebrum Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brainstem is involved with visual reflexes?

Midbrain Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cerebellum?

To coordinate musculoskeletal movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the collective term for the brain and spinal cord?

Central nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the diencephalon?

To serve as a relay center for sensations Signup and view all the answers

What is the outer portion of the cerebrum called?

Cerebral cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the spinal cord?

To transmit nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the meninges?

To protect the brain and spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuron carries and processes sensory information?

Interneuron Signup and view all the answers

What is the outermost layer of the meninges?

Dura mater Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell?

Olfactory nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vagus nerve?

Speech, swallowing, heart muscle, and certain glands Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the somatic nervous system?

Transmission of sensory information from the skin and muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the middle layer of the meninges?

Arachnoid mater Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in the peripheral nervous system?

31 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the trigeminal nerve?

Eyes, tear glands, scalp, forehead, teeth, gums, and mouth muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the abducens nerve?

Eye movements Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nervous System Organization and Functions

The nervous system controls all body activities, both voluntary and involuntary.
Neurons (nerve cells) are the basic elements of the nervous system.

Neuron Structure and Function

The main parts of a neuron are:
- Dendrites: Thin branching extensions that conduct nerve impulses towards the cell body.
- Cell body: The main processing center of the cell.
- Axon: A single branch that conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body.
- Myelin sheath and neurilemma: Coverings that protect and facilitate impulse transmission.
Terminal end fibers transmit impulses across a synapse to the next neuron.

Types of Neurons

There are three types of neurons:
- Efferent (motor) neurons: Convey information from the CNS to muscles and glands.
- Afferent (sensory) neurons: Carry information from sensory receptors to the CNS.
- Interneurons: Carry and process sensory information.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord.
The brain is the control center of the body, responsible for controlling, receiving, and interpreting all stimuli.
The spinal cord is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses and controlling involuntary movements.

Brain Structure and Function

The brain has several divisions:
- Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain, divided into two hemispheres (left and right) with four lobes each (frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital).
- Cerebellum: Coordinates musculoskeletal movement, posture, balance, and muscle tone.
- Brainstem: Consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata, and is involved in regulating heart rate, breathing, and other essential functions.
- Diencephalon: The deep portion of the brain, containing the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus, and serves as a relay center for sensations.

Meninges

The meninges are three layers of membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord:
- Dura mater: The outer tough fibrous membrane.
- Arachnoid mater: The middle weblike membrane containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
- Pia mater: The innermost layer containing several blood vessels.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The PNS consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
Cranial nerves have various functions, including:
- Olfactory (I): Sense of smell.
- Optic (II): Sense of vision.
- Oculomotor (III): Eye movements.
- Trochlear (IV): Aids muscles that move the eyes.
- Trigeminal (V): Eyes, tear glands, scalp, forehead, teeth, gums, lips, and mouth muscles.
- ...and others.

Somatic Nervous System

The somatic nervous system is responsible for receiving and processing sensory input from the skin, muscles, tendons, joints, eyes, tongue, nose, and ears.
It also excites the voluntary contraction of skeletal muscles.

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Description

This quiz covers the general organization and functions of the nervous system, including the structure and function of neurons. It's a part of the 1st-grade nursing course at Tishk International University.