Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the name of the act of passing out urine?
What is the name of the act of passing out urine?
Micturition
Which of the following is NOT a principal ion found in urine?
Which of the following is NOT a principal ion found in urine?
What is the name of the plot that shows the relationship between intravesical pressure and volume of urine in the bladder?
What is the name of the plot that shows the relationship between intravesical pressure and volume of urine in the bladder?
Bladder Cystometrogram
What is the primary mechanism by which the kidneys regulate blood pH?
What is the primary mechanism by which the kidneys regulate blood pH?
Signup and view all the answers
Voluntary control of micturition is fully developed at birth.
Voluntary control of micturition is fully developed at birth.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the name of the reflex that is triggered when the bladder fills with urine and leads to the urge to urinate?
What is the name of the reflex that is triggered when the bladder fills with urine and leads to the urge to urinate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main role of the pons in controlling micturition?
What is the main role of the pons in controlling micturition?
Signup and view all the answers
The juxtaglomerular hypothesis suggests that the rate of renin secretion plays a crucial role in the autoregulation of GFR.
The juxtaglomerular hypothesis suggests that the rate of renin secretion plays a crucial role in the autoregulation of GFR.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the name given to the situation where a person has a lack of bladder control, resulting in urine leakage?
What is the name given to the situation where a person has a lack of bladder control, resulting in urine leakage?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the name of the muscle in the bladder that is responsible for expelling urine?
What is the name of the muscle in the bladder that is responsible for expelling urine?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the ureters in the urinary system?
What is the primary function of the ureters in the urinary system?
Signup and view all the answers
The myogenic hypothesis regarding autoregulation of kidney blood flow attributes the increase in renal vascular resistance to relaxation of afferent arteriolar smooth muscle.
The myogenic hypothesis regarding autoregulation of kidney blood flow attributes the increase in renal vascular resistance to relaxation of afferent arteriolar smooth muscle.
Signup and view all the answers
The ______ is the functional unit of the kidney.
The ______ is the functional unit of the kidney.
Signup and view all the answers
What type of muscle makes up the internal urethral sphincter?
What type of muscle makes up the internal urethral sphincter?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the name of the test that involves injecting a contrast agent into the bloodstream to visualize the urinary tract?
What is the name of the test that involves injecting a contrast agent into the bloodstream to visualize the urinary tract?
Signup and view all the answers
The body's pH is generally considered to be slightly alkaline.
The body's pH is generally considered to be slightly alkaline.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term used to describe the state of a body with a blood pH that is below 7.35?
What is the term used to describe the state of a body with a blood pH that is below 7.35?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the chemical equation that represents the formation of carbonic acid from carbon dioxide and water?
What is the chemical equation that represents the formation of carbonic acid from carbon dioxide and water?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Autoregulation of Renal Blood Flow
- The kidneys maintain a stable blood flow despite changes in systemic blood pressure.
- Autoregulation involves a balancing act between afferent and efferent arteriolar resistance.
Kidney in Acid-Base Balance
- The kidney plays a crucial role in regulating pH.
- It does this by secreting either H+ or OH- ions.
- Normal body pH is 7.4 ± 0.04.
- Urine pH can range from 4.5 to 8.5.
Micturition: Tests of Kidney Function
- Micturition is the process of urination.
- Innervation of the bladder, bladder filling, and emptying.
- Cystometrogram, pathophysiology of bladder abnormalities.
- Various tests used to assess kidney function (e.g., urine examination, chemical tests, clearance tests, IVP, biopsy).
Chemical Reactions in Tubules
- Hydrogen and Sodium ions play a role in phosphate buffer systems within the tubules.
- The process of ammonia secretion and its role in regulating pH is detailed.
- Ammonia combines with phosphate ions within the tubules.
Principal Ions in Urine
- The primary cations in urine include Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and NH4+.
- Anions include Cl-, SO42-, H2PO4-, HPO42-, and HCO3- (only in alkaline urine).
- Under acid conditions, various phosphate salts are soluble, but under alkaline conditions, they are not. This accounts for the variable composition of urine.
Principal Ions in Urine (Continued)
- Certain combinations of ions (e.g., those involving alkaline earth elements and phosphate radicals) are relatively insoluble in water.
- In acid urine, certain phosphate salts are soluble; however, in alkaline urine, these salts precipitate, potentially leading to cloudy urine.
- These observations are important when discussing the chemical composition of urine.
Control of Micturition
- The reflex is self-regenerative.
- The spinal cord reflex can be inhibited or facilitated by brain centers.
- The brain stem, the pons, and cerebral cortex contain controlling centers in the central nervous system, which have inhibitory and excitatory effects on the bladder's automatic processes.
Abnormalities of Micturition
- There are three main types of bladder dysfunction due to neural damage: interruption of sensory nerves, interruption of both sensory and motor nerves, and interruption of facilitatory/inhibitory pathways descending from the brain.
- In all types, bladder contraction is often insufficient, leading to residual urine.
Tests to Assess Kidney Function
- The ability to urinate is a critical first test.
- Urine examinations, chemical tests, clearance tests, intravenous pyelography, and kidney biopsy are utilized to assess kidney function.
Micturition (Objectives)
- Describe bladder innervation.
- Explain bladder filling and emptying.
- Details how cystometrogram and micturition reflex work.
- Pathophysiology of bladder abnormalities.
- The various tests assessing kidney function.
Study Questions
- Autoregulation of renal blood flow.
- Bladder cystometrogram.
- Renal buffering mechanisms.
- pH and kidney's role in acid-base homeostasis.
- Micturition physiology and pathophysiology in humans.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers key concepts in renal physiology, including autoregulation of renal blood flow, acid-base balance, micturition processes, and chemical reactions in kidney tubules. Test your understanding of how kidneys maintain homeostasis and regulate body functions.
