44 Questions
What is the primary function of platelets in hemostasis?
Form a platelet plug
Which type of vessel is hemostatic mechanisms most effective in dealing with bleeding?
Capillaries
What is the initial response to blood vessel damage in hemostasis known as?
Vascular spasm
What is the final common pathway in the coagulation cascade called?
Common pathway
Which of the following best describes fibrinolysis?
Breakdown of clot
What is the main function of undamaged endothelium in preventing clot formation?
Repelling clotting factors/platelets
What is the normal lifespan of platelets?
8-12 days
Which receptor is critical for platelet plug formation?
GPIIb-IIIa
Which molecule is a potent vasoconstrictor that promotes platelet aggregation?
Thromboxane A2
Which layer of the vessel wall contains the smooth muscle cells?
Tunica Media
What activates the Extrinsic Pathway of the clotting cascade?
Tissue Factor (TF)
Which factor is involved in activating the Intrinsic Pathway of the clotting cascade?
Factor VIII
What does the Final Common Pathway lead to the conversion of?
Fibrinogen to Fibrin
What process is regulated by plasma proteins like Plasminogen and inhibited by Antithrombin III?
Fibrinolysis
Which coagulation test assesses different pathways of clot formation?
aPTT
What does platelet count measure?
Number of Platelets in Blood
What is the pathophysiology of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?
Formation of microvascular clots leading to thrombocytopenia and clotting factor depletion
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of acute/overt Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?
Petechiae and mucosal bleeding
What is the primary amino acid substitution in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) that leads to altered red blood cell (RBC) geometry and function?
Valine for glutamic acid on the beta globulin chain
Which of the following is a potential trigger for vaso-occlusive crisis in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)?
Hypothermia
In Massive Blood Transfusion (MBT), what is the primary goal when treating acute coagulopathy?
Rapid delivery of blood products to maintain clotting factors
What is a key element in Massive Transfusion Protocol (MTP) that aims to interrupt the lethal triad in trauma patients?
Focus on correcting hyperthermia and acidosis
What does the acronym MTP stand for in relation to managing massive blood transfusions?
Massive Trauma Protocol
What is a common complication associated with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) that presents with lung infiltrates and symptoms like chest pain and dyspnea?
Acute chest syndrome
'International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Scoring System for DIC' is primarily utilized for assessing the severity of which condition?
(DIC) Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
'Hemorrhage' is identified as a leading cause of preventable death after trauma, accounting for up to what percentage of deaths within the first 24 hours post-injury?
>50%
What is the primary goal of transfusion protocols during massive transfusion protocol (MTP)?
To achieve rapid hemostasis
In the context of sickle cell disease (SCD), what should be avoided in patients to prevent vaso-occlusive crises?
Avoiding hypoxemia
What is the significance of the ABC Score in the activation of massive transfusion?
Guides the initiation of a massive transfusion protocol
What is one of the key issues associated with stored blood that can complicate transfusions?
Increased potassium levels
What is the primary effect of PaO2 in the perioperative management of Hemophilia?
Reduces bleeding risk
What is the role of different blood products during a Massive Transfusion Protocol (MTP)?
Maintain adequate tissue oxygenation and hemostasis
Which factor plays a critical role in the anesthetic management of patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)?
Maintaining normothermia
What is the main reason for avoiding sickle cell trait complications during anesthesia for patients with SCD?
To prevent painful vaso-occlusive crises
What is the key effect of MBT in massive transfusion protocols?
To correct coagulation abnormalities
What should be avoided when managing hemorrhage to prevent further deterioration according to the ABC Score?
Avoiding rapid volume resuscitation
What are the expected lab findings in Acquired von Willebrand Syndrome (AvWS)?
Prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and low von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen levels
What is the primary defect in von Willebrand Disease (vWD) types 1 and 2?
Impaired vWF synthesis or function
What is the role of Thromboelastography (TEG) in assessing coagulopathies?
Tests the visco-elastic properties of blood
What is the main treatment approach for patients with Hemophilia B?
Replacement therapy with factor IX concentrate
How does Factor V mutation contribute to resistance to anticoagulant effect on protein C?
Increases resistance to protein C inactivation
What does a base deficit measurement reflect in patients undergoing massive blood transfusion?
Amount of blood loss
Why are coagulation tests with long processing times not helpful in managing rapidly evolving blood loss?
They provide delayed results relative to the bleeding severity
What is the target mean arterial pressure (MAP) for resuscitation in patients undergoing massive blood transfusion?
< 60 mmHg
Test your knowledge on the physiology of hemostasis in NRAN 80413 with Casey Crow DNP, CRNA. Topics include platelets, blood vessel damage response, platelet plug formation, blood coagulation, fibrinolytic system, and coagulation tests.
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