Physiology of Hemostasis NRAN 80413 Casey Crow DNP, CRNA Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of platelets in hemostasis?

  • Form a platelet plug (correct)
  • Initiate vascular spasms
  • Promote fibrinolysis
  • Prevent blood clotting
  • Which type of vessel is hemostatic mechanisms most effective in dealing with bleeding?

  • Large veins
  • Capillaries (correct)
  • Venules
  • Arterioles
  • What is the initial response to blood vessel damage in hemostasis known as?

  • Platelet plug formation
  • Vascular spasm (correct)
  • Fibrinolysis
  • Coagulation cascade
  • What is the final common pathway in the coagulation cascade called?

    <p>Common pathway (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes fibrinolysis?

    <p>Breakdown of clot (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of undamaged endothelium in preventing clot formation?

    <p>Repelling clotting factors/platelets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal lifespan of platelets?

    <p>8-12 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor is critical for platelet plug formation?

    <p>GPIIb-IIIa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is a potent vasoconstrictor that promotes platelet aggregation?

    <p>Thromboxane A2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the vessel wall contains the smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Tunica Media (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What activates the Extrinsic Pathway of the clotting cascade?

    <p>Tissue Factor (TF) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is involved in activating the Intrinsic Pathway of the clotting cascade?

    <p>Factor VIII (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Final Common Pathway lead to the conversion of?

    <p>Fibrinogen to Fibrin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is regulated by plasma proteins like Plasminogen and inhibited by Antithrombin III?

    <p>Fibrinolysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which coagulation test assesses different pathways of clot formation?

    <p>aPTT (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does platelet count measure?

    <p>Number of Platelets in Blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathophysiology of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?

    <p>Formation of microvascular clots leading to thrombocytopenia and clotting factor depletion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of acute/overt Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?

    <p>Petechiae and mucosal bleeding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary amino acid substitution in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) that leads to altered red blood cell (RBC) geometry and function?

    <p>Valine for glutamic acid on the beta globulin chain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential trigger for vaso-occlusive crisis in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)?

    <p>Hypothermia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Massive Blood Transfusion (MBT), what is the primary goal when treating acute coagulopathy?

    <p>Rapid delivery of blood products to maintain clotting factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key element in Massive Transfusion Protocol (MTP) that aims to interrupt the lethal triad in trauma patients?

    <p>Focus on correcting hyperthermia and acidosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym MTP stand for in relation to managing massive blood transfusions?

    <p>Massive Trauma Protocol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication associated with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) that presents with lung infiltrates and symptoms like chest pain and dyspnea?

    <p>Acute chest syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Scoring System for DIC' is primarily utilized for assessing the severity of which condition?

    <p>(DIC) Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Hemorrhage' is identified as a leading cause of preventable death after trauma, accounting for up to what percentage of deaths within the first 24 hours post-injury?

    <p>&gt;50% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of transfusion protocols during massive transfusion protocol (MTP)?

    <p>To achieve rapid hemostasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of sickle cell disease (SCD), what should be avoided in patients to prevent vaso-occlusive crises?

    <p>Avoiding hypoxemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the ABC Score in the activation of massive transfusion?

    <p>Guides the initiation of a massive transfusion protocol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key issues associated with stored blood that can complicate transfusions?

    <p>Increased potassium levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of PaO2 in the perioperative management of Hemophilia?

    <p>Reduces bleeding risk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of different blood products during a Massive Transfusion Protocol (MTP)?

    <p>Maintain adequate tissue oxygenation and hemostasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a critical role in the anesthetic management of patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)?

    <p>Maintaining normothermia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for avoiding sickle cell trait complications during anesthesia for patients with SCD?

    <p>To prevent painful vaso-occlusive crises (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key effect of MBT in massive transfusion protocols?

    <p>To correct coagulation abnormalities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided when managing hemorrhage to prevent further deterioration according to the ABC Score?

    <p>Avoiding rapid volume resuscitation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the expected lab findings in Acquired von Willebrand Syndrome (AvWS)?

    <p>Prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and low von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary defect in von Willebrand Disease (vWD) types 1 and 2?

    <p>Impaired vWF synthesis or function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Thromboelastography (TEG) in assessing coagulopathies?

    <p>Tests the visco-elastic properties of blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main treatment approach for patients with Hemophilia B?

    <p>Replacement therapy with factor IX concentrate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Factor V mutation contribute to resistance to anticoagulant effect on protein C?

    <p>Increases resistance to protein C inactivation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a base deficit measurement reflect in patients undergoing massive blood transfusion?

    <p>Amount of blood loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are coagulation tests with long processing times not helpful in managing rapidly evolving blood loss?

    <p>They provide delayed results relative to the bleeding severity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target mean arterial pressure (MAP) for resuscitation in patients undergoing massive blood transfusion?

    <p>&lt; 60 mmHg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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