Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary source of energy for the ATP-PC system?
What is the primary source of energy for the ATP-PC system?
- Fatty acids
- Proteins
- ATP stored in muscles (correct)
- Glucose
What is the term for the maximum heart rate minus an individual's age?
What is the term for the maximum heart rate minus an individual's age?
- Cardiac Output
- 220 - age (years) (correct)
- Target Heart Rate Zone
- Maximum Heart Rate
What is the term for the amount of air inspired or expired per breath?
What is the term for the amount of air inspired or expired per breath?
- Tidal Volume (correct)
- Breathing Rate
- Respiratory Rate
- Ventilation
Which type of muscle fiber is characterized as high-force and low-endurance?
Which type of muscle fiber is characterized as high-force and low-endurance?
What is the motivation type that involves participation for external rewards or pressures?
What is the motivation type that involves participation for external rewards or pressures?
What is the term for the worry about performance or outcome in sports psychology?
What is the term for the worry about performance or outcome in sports psychology?
What is the term for the clear and well-defined goals in goal setting?
What is the term for the clear and well-defined goals in goal setting?
What is the term for the groups of muscle fibers and their associated neurons?
What is the term for the groups of muscle fibers and their associated neurons?
What is the term for the increase in heart rate and ventilation during exercise?
What is the term for the increase in heart rate and ventilation during exercise?
What is the term for the motivation based on autonomy, competence, and relatedness?
What is the term for the motivation based on autonomy, competence, and relatedness?
Which of the Big Five Personality Traits is associated with being organized and responsible?
Which of the Big Five Personality Traits is associated with being organized and responsible?
What type of motivation is most closely related to personal enjoyment and satisfaction?
What type of motivation is most closely related to personal enjoyment and satisfaction?
Which of the following best describes the role of cognitive anxiety in sports performance?
Which of the following best describes the role of cognitive anxiety in sports performance?
What is the term for the degree of unity and bonding within a group?
What is the term for the degree of unity and bonding within a group?
What is the term for the structure that connects muscles to bones?
What is the term for the structure that connects muscles to bones?
Which of the following muscle fibers is characterized by high endurance and low force?
Which of the following muscle fibers is characterized by high endurance and low force?
What is the term for the heart's response to exercise, which includes increased heart rate and stroke volume?
What is the term for the heart's response to exercise, which includes increased heart rate and stroke volume?
What is the term for the process by which the body takes in oxygen and expels carbon dioxide?
What is the term for the process by which the body takes in oxygen and expels carbon dioxide?
Which of the following best describes the structure of the lung?
Which of the following best describes the structure of the lung?
What is the term for the theory that individuals derive a sense of identity and belonging from group membership?
What is the term for the theory that individuals derive a sense of identity and belonging from group membership?
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Study Notes
Physiology
Energy Systems
- ATP-PC System: anaerobic, high-intensity, short-duration (e.g., 100m sprint)
- Uses ATP stored in muscles
- Lasts for 10-15 seconds
- Lactic Acid System: anaerobic, high-intensity, medium-duration (e.g., 400m run)
- Breaks down glucose to lactic acid
- Lasts for 1-3 minutes
- Oxidative System: aerobic, low-intensity, long-duration (e.g., marathon running)
- Uses oxygen to break down glucose, fatty acids, and proteins
- Lasts for extended periods
Cardiovascular System
- Heart Rate: increases with exercise intensity
- Maximum Heart Rate (MHR): 220 - age (years)
- Target Heart Rate Zone: 50-85% of MHR for aerobic exercise
- Cardiac Output: increases with exercise intensity
- Stroke Volume: amount of blood pumped per beat
- Heart Rate: number of beats per minute
Respiratory System
- Ventilation: increases with exercise intensity
- Tidal Volume: amount of air inspired/expired per breath
- Breathing Rate: number of breaths per minute
Neuromuscular System
- Muscle Fibre Types:
- Slow-Twitch (Type I): endurance, low-force, high-endurance
- Fast-Twitch (Type II): power, high-force, low-endurance
- Motor Units: groups of muscle fibres and their associated neurons
- Recruitment: activation of motor units to produce movement
Sports Psychology
Motivation
- Intrinsic Motivation: participation for personal enjoyment and satisfaction
- Extrinsic Motivation: participation for external rewards or pressures
- Self-Determination Theory: motivation based on autonomy, competence, and relatedness
Anxiety and Stress
- Cognitive Anxiety: worry about performance or outcome
- Somatic Anxiety: physiological symptoms (e.g., increased heart rate)
- Reversal Theory: optimal anxiety level for performance varies between individuals
Goal Setting
- Specificity: clear and well-defined goals
- Measurability: goals with clear outcomes or benchmarks
- Achievability: realistic and attainable goals
- Relevance: goals aligned with personal values and motivations
- Time-bound: goals with specific deadlines or timeframes
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