Physiological Role of Human Albumin
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of albumin in maintaining normal plasma levels of certain substances?

  • Binding and transporting molecules with positive charge, drugs, and unesterified fatty acids (correct)
  • Regulating osmotic pressure in the interstitial space
  • Acting as an anti-inflammatory agent
  • Maintaining plasma oncotic pressure

    • What is the pH range in which albumin's imidazole groups are completely ionized and can accept four hydrogen ions?

  • pH 6-10
  • pH 7-8
  • pH 5-6.5 (correct)
  • pH 4-5

    • What is the role of albumin in regulating the osmotic pressure in the interstitial space?

  • It has no role in regulating osmotic pressure
  • It is the main macromolecule responsible for regulating osmotic pressure
  • It only regulates osmotic pressure in the blood plasma
  • It works in conjunction with hyaluronic acid to regulate osmotic pressure (correct)

    • What is a common indication for the therapeutic administration of albumin?

    <p>To maintain or increase plasma oncotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of plasma oncotic pressure contributed by serum albumin?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of hypoalbuminemia?

    <p>Edema, ascites, and pleural effusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an additional function of circulating albumin beyond its role in maintaining plasma oncotic pressure?

    <p>Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of albumin in the interstitial space?

    <p>It is involved in regulating osmotic pressure, but to a lesser extent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of albumin during inflammation?

    <p>Scavenging enzymes and other substances secreted by immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of albumin produced daily is immediately metabolized in hepatocytes?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate half-life of human serum albumin?

    <p>20 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of lower than normal albumin levels on plasma volume availability?

    <p>Decreased plasma volume availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of albumin in the transportation of substances?

    <p>Transportation of drugs, hormones, and metal ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of lower serum albumin levels on the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?

    <p>Increased activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of albumin-pregnant fluids collecting in the tissues?

    <p>Impaired organ function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of inflammation on albumin levels?

    <p>Decreases albumin levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of albumin in modulating biochemical reactions?

    <p>Provides an internal environment for cellular function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of full recovery of the proper serum albumin value in chronic diseases?

    <p>Fasting serum albumin returns to normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Physiological Role of Human Albumin

    • Albumin, due to its high negative electrical charge, binds and transports molecules with positive charge, drugs, and unesterified fatty acids, maintaining normal plasma levels of these substances.
    • Albumin participates in chemical buffering of blood plasma, accepting four hydrogen ions between pH 6.5 and 5, and serving as a "shuttle" that minimizes changes in hydrogen ion concentration.

    Functions of Human Albumin

    • Albumin exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities, scavenging enzymes and substances secreted by immune cells during inflammation.
    • Albumin is involved in regulating osmotic pressure in the interstitial space, although to a lesser extent than hyaluronic acid.
    • Albumin maintains oncotic pressure, serves as a diluent for other drugs, bilirubin, and nutrients, and acts as a free radical scavenger, depot, and transporter for metal ions, hormones, therapeutic drugs, and other biologically heterogeneous molecules.
    • Albumin mediates ligand-receptor interactions and binding mechanics.

    Impact of Albumin Levels on Clinical Outcomes

    • Hypoalbuminemia can occur in the presence of hepatic-related diseases.
    • Lower albumin levels reduce plasma volume availability, leading to fluid accumulation in tissues, decreased effective blood circulation volume, and increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, favoring systemic hypertension.
    • Albumin levels affect vital organ functions, and decreased serum concentration impairs drug transportation.
    • Full recovery of albumin levels is challenging in chronic diseases with elevated albumin catabolism, but can return to normal when chronic diseases are structurally cured.

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    Description

    Learn about the physiological functions of human albumin, including its role in binding and transporting molecules, chemical buffering, and anti-inflammatory effects.

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