Physiological Changes in Pregnancy

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Questions and Answers

What is the underlying cause of elevated liver enzymes in severe Preeclampsia?

Damage to platelets

High risk for bleeding

Occlusion of small vessels by platelets and damaged RBCs (correct)

Presence of RBCs in small vessels

In Severe Preeclampsia, why are there low platelet counts in circulation?

High risk for bleeding

Damage to platelets

Platelets going to the liver (correct)

RBC breakdown

What is a characteristic symptom of Eclampsia?

Macrosomia

Generalized clonic-tonic seizures (correct)

Tight glycemic control

Circulatory collapse

Why is sodium restriction advised for pregnant women with cardiac disorders?

To observe for chest pain and dyspnea Signup and view all the answers

What can cause fetal anoxia during pregnancy?

Viral pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of Hydatidiform Mole?

Vaginal bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for Interrupted Pregnancy due to cervical abnormalities?

Cerclage (suture to close cervix) Signup and view all the answers

'Missed abortion' refers to what condition?

'Fetus has died in utero but not expelled spontaneously' Signup and view all the answers

'Pseudocyesis' is characterized by what?

'Hormonal tests are negative' Signup and view all the answers

'ABO incompatibility' can lead to what condition in newborns?

'Jaundice' Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological changes are associated with pregnancy-related preeclampsia?

Increased weight, decreased urine output, and hyperreflexia with clonus Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Goodell, Hegar, and Chadwick signs during pregnancy?

Related to uterine vascularity changes Signup and view all the answers

How does preeclampsia affect the renal system?

Proteinuria and decreased urine output Signup and view all the answers

What are the main characteristics of HELLP syndrome in pregnancy complications?

Low platelet count, elevated liver function tests, and hemolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the term 'primigravida' in obstetrics?

First pregnancy experienced by a woman Signup and view all the answers

How does pregnancy affect the urinary system?

Increased urinary frequency and glycosuria Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the diaphragm widening during pregnancy?

To accommodate the growing uterus Signup and view all the answers

What is the major reason for low platelet counts in circulation in Severe Preeclampsia?

Platelets are used up in repairing the damaged RBCs Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for Hydatidiform Mole?

Chemotherapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of Macrosomia during pregnancy?

High glucose levels in the mother Signup and view all the answers

What is the common symptom of ABO incompatibility in newborns?

Jaundice Signup and view all the answers

What is the management approach for Gestational Diabetes?

Diet alone or sliding scale insulin Signup and view all the answers

How can pregnancies involving Rh incompatibility be managed to prevent future complications?

Providing Rhogam injections to the mother during and after pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What is the common treatment for Septic Abortion?

Antibiotic therapy Signup and view all the answers

What causes an Inevitable Abortion?

Increased cervical dilation and blood loss Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of Ectopic Pregnancy?

'Spotting' or bleeding 2-3 weeks after a missed period Signup and view all the answers

'Incompetent cervix' or premature dilation can lead to which type of pregnancy complication?

'Recurrent spontaneous abortion' Signup and view all the answers

Why is rest in the lateral left side recommended for a pregnant woman with mild preeclampsia?

To minimize compression of the vena cava and improve blood flow to the fetus Signup and view all the answers

Why is sodium restriction advised for pregnant women with cardiac disorders?

To avoid increased blood pressure and heart strain Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of oxytocin in pregnancy?

Causes rhythmic contractions of the uterus during labor Signup and view all the answers

What causes a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) during pregnancy?

Hormonal changes leading to renal vasoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

How does Lordosis affect a pregnant woman's posture?

Causes a forward curvature of the lumbar spine Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of linea nigra in pregnant women?

Marks the stretching of abdominal muscles Signup and view all the answers

What role does the corpus luteum play in early pregnancy?

Secrete progesterone to support pregnancy until placenta forms Signup and view all the answers

Why does a pregnant woman experience urinary frequency?

Pressure on the bladder from the growing uterus Signup and view all the answers

What physiological changes cause systolic heart murmurs in pregnant women?

Increased cardiac output and blood flow Signup and view all the answers

How do Goodell, Hegar, and Chadwick signs help in assessing pregnancy progression?

They signal changes in cervical and vaginal tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of Macrosomia during pregnancy?

Increased blood volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the common treatment for Septic Abortion?

Antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What physiological changes cause systolic heart murmurs in pregnant women?

Increased cardiac output Signup and view all the answers

Why does a pregnant woman experience urinary frequency?

Hormonal changes Signup and view all the answers

'ABO incompatibility' can lead to what condition in newborns?

Jaundice Signup and view all the answers

'Incompetent cervix' or premature dilation can lead to which type of pregnancy complication?

Interrupted pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

'Pseudocyesis' is characterized by what?

False pregnancy symptoms despite negative hormonal tests Signup and view all the answers

'ABO incompatibility' can lead to what condition in newborns?

'Fetal anoxia' Signup and view all the answers

'Ectopic Pregnancy' can be seen in which locations?

'Fallopian tubes and ovaries' Signup and view all the answers

'Cardiac disorders' during pregnancy are mainly attributed to what factor?

'Increased blood volume' Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the number of completed term pregnancies in a pregnant woman's obstetrical history?

Para Signup and view all the answers

Which sign is used to assess vascularity changes in the cervix during pregnancy?

Chadwick sign Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary hormone responsible for stimulating uterine contractions after delivery?

Oxytocin Signup and view all the answers

Which condition during pregnancy is characterized by a high blood pressure causing damage to small blood vessels in the liver?

HELLP syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What change in blood pressure is typically observed in the third trimester of pregnancy?

Increase in systolic and diastolic pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological change during pregnancy can lead to a hypercoagulable state?

Increased plasma volume Signup and view all the answers

What urinary condition characterized by renal and ureteral dilation is considered a normal physiological change during pregnancy?

Renal calculi Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for a pregnant woman who has never been pregnant before?

Nulligravida Signup and view all the answers

Which gland experiences a 135% increase in size during pregnancy?

Pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common symptom associated with Severe Preeclampsia?

Visual disturbances Signup and view all the answers

What causes the occlusion of small vessels in the liver in Severe Preeclampsia?

Platelets Signup and view all the answers

Which pregnancy complication is characterized by very rapid pulse, high blood pressure, and clonic-tonic seizures?

Eclampsia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Macrosomia in pregnancy?

Large baby >9 lbs Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Human Placental Lactogen in pregnancy complications?

Management of diabetes during pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

Which condition during pregnancy involves abnormal implantation of a fertilized ovum outside the uterine cavity?

Ectopic Pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What complication can arise if a pregnant woman has Rh-negative blood and the fetus has Rh-positive blood?

Sepsis in the newborn Signup and view all the answers

Why might a woman show signs and symptoms of pregnancy without actually being pregnant?

'Pseudocyesis' Signup and view all the answers

'Induced Abortion' may be legally performed in which situation?

'Woman’s life in jeopardy due to cardiac disease' Signup and view all the answers

What sign of pregnancy is characterized by the dark line that forms from the pubis to the umbilicus?

Linea Nigra Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological change during pregnancy leads to an increased risk of thrombosis?

Elevated Blood clotting factors Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe a pregnant woman who has never been pregnant before?

Nulligravida Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates rhythmic contractions of the uterus during pregnancy?

Oxytocin Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for the diastolic blood pressure of a pregnant woman in the third trimester?

110 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

In pregnancy, what is the term used to describe a woman who has had multiple pregnancies?

Multipara Signup and view all the answers

Which change in the cardiovascular system during pregnancy may lead to systolic heart murmurs?

<ul> <li>Dilation of vessels</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

'Lordosis' in pregnant women refers to an exaggerated ____.

<ul> <li>Curvature of the spine</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

'Striae Gravidarum' are commonly known as ____.

<ul> <li>Stretch marks</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

'Hyperreflexia with clonus' is a characteristic symptom of ____ in pregnant women.

<ul> <li>Severe Preeclampsia</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Reproductive system changes during pregnancy include alterations in the uterus, ovaries, cervix, vagina, and breasts influenced by estrogen and blood supply changes.
Normal physiological changes in pregnancy affect the respiratory system (diaphragm and chest widening), cardiovascular system (blood pressure and heart position changes), gastrointestinal system (N/V, hemorrhoids, pyrosis), and endocrine system (pituitary gland enlargement, insulin needs increase).
Hematological changes in pregnancy involve increases in blood volume, plasma, and RBCs, leading to a hypercoagulable state due to changes in blood clotting factors.
Urinary system changes in pregnancy include renal dilation, changes in glomerular filtration rate, glycosuria, urinary frequency, and urinary stasis risks like pyelonephritis.
Pregnancy-related complications like preeclampsia can manifest as mild or severe stages with symptoms like proteinuria, hypertension, hyperreflexia, headache, and visual disturbances.
HELLP syndrome in preeclampsia involves hemolysis, elevated liver function tests, and low platelet count, leading to liver damage and a high risk of bleeding.
Eclampsia is a severe complication of preeclampsia characterized by generalized seizures, very high blood pressure, scanty urine output, and potential organ failures.
Complications of diabetes mellitus during pregnancy include fluctuating insulin requirements, increased risk of macrosomia, respiratory disorders in the fetus, and the potential for interrupted pregnancy.

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Description

Learn about the normal physiological changes that occur in the reproductive, respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems during pregnancy. Topics include alterations in the uterus, ovaries, breasts, diaphragm, chest, and more.