Physiological and Biological Psychology
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Questions and Answers

What does physiological psychology primarily focus on?

  • The evolutionary aspects of psychology
  • The genetic influences on behavior
  • The physiological mechanisms underlying behavior (correct)
  • The effects of external environments on mental processes
  • Which historical figure declared that the brain is the source of intellect?

  • Galen
  • Hippocrates (correct)
  • Anton van Leeuwenhoek
  • René Descartes
  • Which discovery was made by Bell and Magendie during the 1800s?

  • Electricity does not transmit messages in the nervous system
  • Neurons communicate in multiple directions
  • Sensation and movement are processed in the same pathway
  • Neurons communicate in one direction (correct)
  • What broader field does biological psychology encompass?

    <p>Physiological psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Galvani and du Bois-Reymond discover about the nervous system?

    <p>Electricity transmits messages in the nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the contributions of Paul Broca?

    <p>Localized speech production in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did René Descartes introduce?

    <p>Mind-body dualism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What inaccurate theory was demonstrated by Gall and Spurzheim?

    <p>Phrenology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Overview of Physiological and Biological Psychology

    • Branch of psychology focused on biological foundations of behavior, emotions, and mental processes.
    • Explores brain chemistry and nervous system connections to psychological states.

    Physiological Psychology

    • Emphasizes mechanisms underlying behavior and mental processes.
    • Utilizes direct manipulation and measurement of brain activity and bodily functions for insights into psychological phenomena.

    Biological Psychology

    • Broader field encompassing physiological psychology.
    • Integrates studies of genetics, evolution, and biological bases of behavior.
    • Incorporates insights from various biological sciences to understand human behavior.

    Historical Highlights in Biological Psychology

    Ancient Observations

    • Ca. 3000 BC: Egyptians removed the brain during mummification; accurate case studies recorded regarding neural disorders.
    • Ca. 400 BC - 200 AD:
      • Hippocrates posits that the brain is the seat of intellect.
      • Galen conducts dissections, recognizing nerve function but incorrectly attributing message transmission to bodily fluids.

    Renaissance to Enlightenment (1600-1800)

    • René Descartes introduces the concept of mind-body dualism and hydraulic mechanisms of communication.
    • Anton van Leeuwenhoek invents the light microscope, enhancing biological study.
    • Galvani and du Bois-Reymond uncover electrical transmission in the nervous system.

    19th Century Advances (1800-1900)

    • Bell and Magendie establish that neurons communicate directionally; differentiate pathways for sensation and movement.
    • Paul Broca identifies the area of the brain responsible for speech production.
    • Gall and Spurzheim challenge phrenology while affirming localized brain function.
    • Fritsch and Hitzig reveal motor function localization within the cerebral cortex.

    20th Century Developments (1900-Present)

    • Ramón y Cajal asserts that the nervous system comprises individual cells.
    • John Hughlings Jackson describes a hierarchical organization of brain functions.
    • Otto Loewi demonstrates chemical signaling at synapses.
    • Charles Sherrington coin the term “synapse,” receiving a Nobel Prize in 1932 for his work in neurophysiology.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the branch of psychology that focuses on the biological underpinnings of behavior, emotions, and mental processes. Students will examine the influence of brain chemistry and the nervous system on psychological states and behaviors. Test your understanding of physiological mechanisms in psychology.

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