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Questions and Answers
Which cells within the myometrium increase in size during early pregnancy?
What is the major component of myometrial growth after mid-gestation?
Which statement best describes the physical changes of pregnancy?
What is the role of many adaptations during pregnancy?
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What occurs as a result of both hyperplasia and hypertrophy of myometrial cells?
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Which changes persist for life after childbirth?
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What is the cause of thrush in neonates born to mothers with symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis?
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During pregnancy, when do the ovaries reach their maximum size?
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Why does ovulation cease during pregnancy?
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Which hormone production supports the pregnancy until about weeks 6 to 7?
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What causes the breasts to increase in fullness, become tender, and grow larger throughout pregnancy?
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What makes the nipples and the areola deeply pigmented during pregnancy?
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What keeps the nipples lubricated for breastfeeding?
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What leads to striae (stretch marks) in approximately half of all pregnant women?
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What happens to the diameter of the main uterine artery during pregnancy?
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What are the spontaneous, irregular, and painless contractions that begin during the first trimester of pregnancy called?
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What does the softening and compressibility of the lower uterine segment result in?
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What does the acute hemodynamic change, termed supine hypotensive syndrome, cause during pregnancy?
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At approximately what gestational weeks does the fundus reach its highest level, at the xiphoid process?
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What is the term for the softening of the cervix due to vasocongestion and the influence of estrogen?
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What causes Chadwick sign, a cyanosis or bluish purple discoloration of the cervix?
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What happens to vaginal secretions during pregnancy?
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What does leukorrhea refer to during pregnancy?
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What does cervical ripening involve in preparation for labor?
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What happens to the vaginal vault during pregnancy in preparation for birth?
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What is the cause of uterine growth in early pregnancy?
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Which factor causes the major component of myometrial growth after mid-gestation?
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What happens to the diameter of the main uterine artery during pregnancy?
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What causes Chadwick sign, a cyanosis or bluish purple discoloration of the cervix?
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What is the term for the softening of the cervix due to vasocongestion and the influence of estrogen?
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What keeps the nipples lubricated for breastfeeding?
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What causes the breasts to increase in fullness, become tender, and grow larger throughout pregnancy?
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What does cervical ripening involve in preparation for labor?
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What happens to vaginal secretions during pregnancy?
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What does the softening and compressibility of the lower uterine segment result in?
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What causes thrush in neonates born to mothers with symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis?
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What are the spontaneous, irregular, and painless contractions that begin during the first trimester of pregnancy called?
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What is a potential consequence of symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis in pregnant women?
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Why are the ovaries not palpable after approximately the 12th to 14th week of gestation?
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What causes the breasts to become highly vascular and the veins to become visible under the skin during pregnancy?
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What leads to the appearance of striae (stretch marks) in approximately half of all pregnant women?
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What is the role of colostrum in pregnancy?
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What happens to ovulation during pregnancy?
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What causes neonates born to mothers with symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis to develop an oral infection known as thrush?
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What is responsible for causing striae (stretch marks) in many pregnant women?
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What takes over the major production of progesterone around weeks 6 to 7 of pregnancy?
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What happens to vaginal secretions during pregnancy?
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What causes the breasts to become tender and grow larger throughout pregnancy?
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Why does ovulation cease during pregnancy?
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What is the purpose of the enlargement of the main uterine artery during pregnancy?
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What is the term for the painless contractions that thin out or efface the cervix before birth?
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What causes the supine hypotensive syndrome experienced by pregnant women?
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What does the term 'lightening' refer to in pregnancy?
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What is the purpose of cervical ripening in preparation for labor?
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What physiological change occurs within the vagina during pregnancy?
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What is the significance of leukorrhea during pregnancy?
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What role does progesterone play in cervical changes during early pregnancy?
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What does Chadwick sign indicate during pregnancy?
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What changes occur to fundal height as pregnancy progresses?
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What causes an increase in urinary frequency during early pregnancy?
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What physiological changes occur within the lower portion of the uterus (the isthmus) as pregnancy progresses?
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Study Notes
Uterus and Pregnancy
- During early pregnancy, myometrial cells increase in size.
- The major component of myometrial growth after mid-gestation is due to estrogens.
- Physical changes during pregnancy include uterine growth, breast changes, and cervical softening.
Breast Changes
- The breasts increase in fullness, become tender, and grow larger throughout pregnancy due to hormonal changes.
- The nipples and areola become deeply pigmented during pregnancy due to hormonal changes.
- The nipples are kept lubricated for breastfeeding by hormonal changes.
Cervical Changes
- The cervix softens due to vasocongestion and the influence of estrogen, known as Goodell's sign.
- Chadwick sign is a cyanosis or bluish purple discoloration of the cervix caused by vasocongestion.
- Cervical ripening involves softening, effacement, and dilatation in preparation for labor.
Uterine and Arterial Changes
- The diameter of the main uterine artery increases during pregnancy.
- The softening and compressibility of the lower uterine segment result in Braxton Hicks contractions.
Other Changes
- Thrush in neonates born to mothers with symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis is caused by vertical transmission.
- Striae (stretch marks) occur in approximately half of all pregnant women due to skin stretching.
- Supine hypotensive syndrome is an acute hemodynamic change that causes lightheadedness in pregnant women.
Labor Preparation
- Cervical ripening involves softening, effacement, and dilatation in preparation for labor.
- The vaginal vault prepares for birth by increasing secretions and expanding.
- The fundus reaches its highest level at the xiphoid process around 36 weeks of gestation.
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Description
Explore the physiological changes that occur in a woman's body during pregnancy to accommodate the growing fetus. Understand how each system of the body adapts to support the needs of the developing human being.