Physics Unit Measurement Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which unit is used to measure electric current?

  • Coulomb
  • Volt
  • Ampere (correct)
  • Ohm

What is the fundamental unit for measuring temperature in the SI system?

  • Kelvin (correct)
  • Joule
  • Fahrenheit
  • Celsius

Which of the following systems of units includes the meter, kilogram, and second?

  • M.K.S System (correct)
  • C.G.S System
  • British System
  • Imperial System

The dimensional formula for force is expressed in terms of which of the following fundamental dimensions?

<p>MLT^{-2} (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which base quantity is NOT correctly matched with its unit and symbol?

<p>Temperature - Celsius (C) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle states that an object immersed in a fluid experiences an upward force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces?

<p>Archimedes' Principle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'statics' in mechanics primarily refer to?

<p>Study of forces on bodies at rest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following systems of units is known for using foot, pound, and second?

<p>British or F.P.S System (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a negative acceleration indicate about the motion of an object?

<p>The object is slowing down. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the sledge example, what is the resultant force acting on the sledge?

<p>7 kgf (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the field of statics?

<p>It is concerned with bodies at rest under equilibrium conditions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of work?

<p>Joule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following statements about power is correct?

<p>Power is the work done per unit time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a frictional force opposes the motion of an object, how is work calculated?

<p>W = -Fd (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 1 kilowatt-hour (kW.h) equate to in joules?

<p>3.6 x 10^6 J (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the equation F = ma, what does 'm' represent?

<p>Mass of the object (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of conservation of energy state?

<p>Energy cannot be created or destroyed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating force based on momentum change?

<p>F = m(v_f - v_i) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the momentum of two colliding objects if they coalesce after collision?

<p>Total momentum is conserved and remains constant. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does inertia refer to in terms of an object's motion?

<p>The resistance of an object to any change in its state of motion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the moment of inertia depend on?

<p>The distribution of mass relative to the axis of rotation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When two objects collide and coalesce, how do you find their common velocity?

<p>By dividing their total momentum by the sum of their masses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of angular motion, what does torque relate to?

<p>The amount of force needed to cause angular acceleration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of applying a force to an object in terms of momentum?

<p>It results in a change in the object's velocity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does instantaneous acceleration represent?

<p>The rate of change of velocity with respect to time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Newton's second law, what happens when the net force acting on an object is zero?

<p>The object remains in its state of rest or uniform motion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is momentum mathematically defined in the context of Newton's second law?

<p>p = mv (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does a skydiver experience zero acceleration?

<p>When the forces of air resistance and weight are equal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Newton's first law of motion describe?

<p>An object's persistence in its state of motion when no external forces act on it. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is acceleration determined from the position function $x(t) = 4 - 27t + t^3$?

<p>It is the second derivative of the position function. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a constant force reduces an object's velocity from 7 m/s to 3 m/s over 3 seconds, how do you determine the force applied?

<p>Using the relation $F = ma$ where $a$ is the change in velocity divided by time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physical principle explains the equal and opposite forces during interactions?

<p>Newton's third law. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the angular velocity (𝜔) of every particle in a rigid object rotating about a fixed point?

<p>The same for each particle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formula is used to calculate the total kinetic energy of a rigid body in rotational motion?

<p>$I \omega^2$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the moment of inertia for a uniform rod about an axis perpendicular to its length?

<p>$\frac{1}{12} Ml^2$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which expression correctly represents the kinetic energy of a rotating mass with moment of inertia I?

<p>$\frac{1}{2} I \omega^2$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the moment of inertia of a solid cylinder about its central axis?

<p>$\frac{1}{2} Ma^2$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the work done on a rotating body during an angular displacement calculated?

<p>$W = \tau \theta$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the quantity k in the equation $I = M k^2$ represent?

<p>Radius of gyration about the axis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of rigid body motion, how are the equations for angular motion derived?

<p>By replacing angular quantities with linear quantities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dimension of acceleration?

<p>LT-2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a dimensionless constant signify in dimensional analysis?

<p>A variable with no unit of measure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the limits of dimensional analysis is correct?

<p>It does not provide information on dimensionless constants. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to find the coefficient of viscosity $ au$?

<p>$ au = rac{F}{A} rac{dx}{dv}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dimension of force given the formula $F = au A rac{dv}{dx}$?

<p>MLT-2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the left-hand side (LHS) dimension of the equation L.H.S = R.H.S?

<p>It must be dimensionally consistent with the right-hand side. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario would make dimensional analysis inapplicable?

<p>Involvement of trigonometric functions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which unit is equivalent to the coefficient of viscosity $ au$?

<p>kg/m·s (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mechanics

The study of how external forces affect objects at rest or in motion.

Unit

A standard value used to express other values of the same type.

Fundamental Quantities

Quantities that cannot be defined in terms of other physical quantities, like length, mass, and time.

Dimensional Formula

The relationship between fundamental units and a derived unit, expressed in the form of a formula.

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MKS System

A system of units based on meter, kilogram, and second.

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C.G.S System

A system of units based on centimeter, gram, and second.

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F.P.S System

A system of units based on foot, pound, and second.

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S.I. System

The International System of Units, a standardized system widely used across science and engineering.

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Power

The rate at which work is done.

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Retarding Force

A force that opposes motion and acts opposite to the direction of displacement.

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Work

The product of force and displacement in the direction of the force.

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Energy

The capacity to do work.

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Dynamics

The study of forces that cause or change the movement of objects.

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Statics

The study of forces acting on objects at rest.

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Limiting Friction

The force required to overcome static friction and start an object moving.

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Acceleration

The rate of change of velocity with respect to time.

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Instantaneous Velocity

The velocity of an object at a specific instant in time.

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Average Velocity

The change in velocity over a specific time interval.

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Inertia

The tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion.

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Momentum

The product of an object's mass and its velocity.

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Force

A push or pull that can change an object's motion.

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Newton's Third Law of Motion

A fundamental concept in physics that states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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Net Force

The sum of all forces acting on an object.

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Dimensional Analysis: What is it?

The process of analyzing physical quantities in terms of their fundamental dimensions (length, mass, time) using the method of dimensional analysis. It reveals the relationship between different physical quantities and helps to verify and derive equations.

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Dimension of a Physical Quantity

The dimension of a physical quantity is its expression in terms of base quantities (length, mass, time). For example, the dimension of velocity is length/time (L/T), and the dimension of force is mass × acceleration (MLT⁻²).

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Verifying Physical Equations with Dimensions

Dimensional analysis is a powerful tool for verifying the correctness of physical equations. The dimensions of the left-hand side (LHS) and right-hand side (RHS) of a valid physical equation must be the same.

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Deriving Units with Dimensional Analysis

Dimensional analysis can be used to derive the unit of a physical quantity if its dimensional formula is known. By substituting the fundamental units (e.g., meters, kilograms, seconds) into the formula, we can obtain the unit of the derived quantity.

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Limitations of Dimensional Analysis: Dimensionless Quantities

Dimensional analysis cannot provide information about the magnitude of dimensionless variables or constants. These are pure numbers that do not have dimensions and their values cannot be determined through dimensional analysis.

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Limitations of Dimensional Analysis: Non-Linear Functions

Dimensional analysis is not applicable if the relationship involves trigonometric, exponential, or logarithmic functions. These functions can't be directly expressed in terms of fundamental dimensions (L, M, T).

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Kinematics: What is it?

Kinematics focuses on the motion of objects without considering the forces causing that motion. It deals with concepts like displacement, velocity, acceleration, and time.

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What is Motion?

Motion is defined as the change in position of an object over a period of time. It is a fundamental aspect of mechanics.

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Conservation of Energy Principle

The total energy within a closed system remains constant, even when energy transforms between different forms like mechanical energy and heat.

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Linear Momentum

The amount of motion a body possesses, calculated by multiplying its mass by its velocity.

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Conservation of Linear Momentum

In a system without external forces, the total linear momentum before and after a collision remains the same, regardless of the collision's nature.

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Moment of Inertia

The resistance of an object to changes in its rotational motion, determined by the distribution of its mass relative to the axis of rotation.

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Force and Momentum Relation

The rate of change of momentum is equal to the force applied to an object.

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Impulse

The product of the force and the time over which the force acts.

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Moment of Inertia Calculation

The sum of the products of each particle's mass and the square of its distance from the axis of rotation.

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Angular velocity

The rate at which an object rotates around a fixed point, measured in radians per second.

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Rotational kinetic energy

The kinetic energy possessed by a rotating object due to its rotation. It is directly proportional to the moment of inertia and the square of the angular velocity.

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Radius of gyration

A quantity that represents the distance from an axis of rotation to a point where all the mass of an object could be concentrated and still have the same moment of inertia.

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Torque

The product of a force and the perpendicular distance from the point of application of the force to the axis of rotation. It causes a change in the angular velocity of an object.

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Work done by torque

The work done by a torque acting on a rotating object. It is directly proportional to the torque and the angular displacement.

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Analogy of linear and angular quantities

The analogy suggests that many equations in linear motion can be converted to angular motion by replacing linear quantities with their angular counterparts.

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Angular acceleration

A physical quantity used to measure the rate of change of angular velocity. It represents the angular acceleration of an object.

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Study Notes

General Physics I - Mechanics, Thermal Physics, and Waves

  • Course Content: Includes space and time, units and dimensions; kinematics; fundamental laws of mechanics (statics and dynamics); work and energy; conservation laws; moments and energy of rotation; simple harmonic motion; motion of simple systems; temperature; heat; gas laws; laws of thermodynamics; kinetic theory; elasticity; Hooke's Law; Young's/shear/bulk moduli; hydrostatics; pressure; buoyancy; Archimedes' principles; surface tension; adhesion; cohesion; capillarity; drops and bubbles; sound; wave properties; wave propagation (sound in gases, solids, liquids); and wave analysis. Applications also covered.

Mechanics

  • Definition: The study of external forces on bodies at rest or in motion.
  • Measurement: Physics aims for precise measurement; a unit is a value, quantity, or magnitude for expressing other values.
  • Fundamental Quantities: Length (meter, m), mass (kilogram, kg), and time (second, s) are base quantities.
  • Assignment - Additional Base Quantities: List four additional base quantities and their units: Electric Current (Ampere, A); Temperature (Kelvin, K); Amount of Substance (Mole, mol); and Luminous Intensity (Candela, cd).
  • Other Systems of Units: Besides the MKS system, other systems commonly used include the CGS (Centimeter-Gram-Second) system and FPS (Foot-Pound-Second) system.

Dimensions

  • Definition: A physical quantity's dimension indicates the underlying physical quantities (length, mass, time) and gives no magnitude information.
  • Dimensional Formula: Formula that represents the relationship between derived units and fundamental units.
  • Purpose:
    • Verifying equations: The dimensions of the left-hand side (LHS) of an equation must equal the dimensions of the right-hand side (RHS).
    • Deriving/obtaining units: Dimensional analysis can assist in deriving the unit of a physical quantity.

Kinematics

  • Definition: The study of motion without considering external forces responsible for the motion.
  • Motion: Change in position over time.
  • Position: Location relative to a defined point.
  • Speed: Total distance traveled divided by time.
  • Velocity: Displacement divided by time (vector quantity).
  • Acceleration: Change in velocity divided by time (vector quantity).
  • Uniform Accelerated Motion: Specific motions described by five equations.

Conservation Laws

  • Principles: Energy and momentum are conserved in a closed system (no external forces).
  • Conservation of Momentum: The total momentum of an isolated system remains constant.
  • Example: Collisions of objects

Moments of Inertia and Energy of Rotation

  • Inertia: Property of a body to resist a change in its state of rest or uniform motion.
  • Moment of Inertia: Quantity that describes the body's resistance to angular acceleration. It is the sum of the product of each particle's mass and the square of its distance from the axis of rotation (I=∑mr²).
  • Kinetic Energy of Rotation: The rotational energy of a rotating body (KE = 1/2Iω²).
  • Examples (calculations): Problems with moments for spheres, uniform rods, or circular discs are found in the text related to specific examples.

Work and Energy

  • Work: Scalar quantity, the product of force and the distance through which the force is applied in the direction of the force (W=Fdcos⁡θ).
  • Energy: Ability to do work.
  • Kinetic Energy (KE): Energy associated with motion (KE = 1/2mv²).
  • Potential Energy (PE): Energy due to position or configuration (e.g., gravitational potential energy PE = mgh).
    • Example Calculation: Problems with objects moving, masses falling, and work are given; these examples show how to use these equations.

Statics and Dynamics

  • Statics: Studies forces acting on stationary bodies (equilibrium systems). 
  • Dynamics: Studies forces and motion for objects that are not in equilibrium.

Motion of Simple Systems

  • Machines: Devices to change force, direction, or application of force; these systems are analyzed using force and distance ratios.
  • Mechanical Advantage (IMA): Ideal mechanical advantage considering friction-free components.
  • Actual Mechanical Advantage (AMA): Taking into account friction.
  • Efficiency: Ratio of (work output/work input).

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General Physics I (Mechanics, Thermal Physics and Waves) PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the fundamental units of measurement in physics with this quiz. Questions cover topics such as electric current, temperature, force, and principles of mechanics. Perfect for students looking to solidify their understanding of basic physics concepts.

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