Physics: The Study of Matter and Energy

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Questions and Answers

What is the origin of the word 'physics'?

  • Greek φύσις (phúsis 'origin, nature, property')
  • Ancient Egyptian term for natural science
  • Latin physica ('study of nature') (correct)
  • Sumerian term for natural science

Which scientific advancements directly led to the development of television and computers?

  • Thermodynamics and mechanics
  • Electromagnetism and solid-state physics (correct)
  • Nuclear physics and thermodynamics
  • Solid-state physics and mechanics

What did advances in thermodynamics lead to?

  • The development of calculus
  • The development of nuclear weapons
  • The development of industrialization (correct)
  • The development of domestic appliances

Which ancient civilizations are mentioned as early practitioners of astronomy?

<p>Sumerians and ancient Egyptians (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of nature known as in Greek?

<p>φύσις (phúsis) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of friction opposes the relative lateral motion of two solid surfaces in contact?

<p>Dry friction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of friction can have dramatic consequences, such as starting a fire by rubbing pieces of wood together?

<p>Dry friction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of force is friction?

<p>Non-conservative force (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of friction arises from a combination of inter-surface adhesion, surface roughness, surface deformation, and surface contamination?

<p>Dry friction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to some kinetic energy in the presence of friction?

<p>It is transformed to thermal energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the consequences of friction and provide an example of its dramatic impact.

<p>Friction can have dramatic consequences, as illustrated by the use of friction created by rubbing pieces of wood together to start a fire. It can lead to wear, performance degradation, or damage to components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is friction considered a non-conservative force and what happens to kinetic energy in its presence?

<p>Friction is considered a non-conservative force because work done against it is path dependent. In the presence of friction, some kinetic energy is always transformed to thermal energy, so mechanical energy is not conserved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors contribute to dry friction, and why is it difficult to calculate it from first principles?

<p>Dry friction arises from a combination of inter-surface adhesion, surface roughness, surface deformation, and surface contamination. The complexity of these interactions makes the calculation of friction from first principles difficult, and it is often easier to use empirical methods for analysis and theory development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between static friction and kinetic friction in the context of dry friction.

<p>Static friction ('stiction') occurs between non-moving surfaces, while kinetic friction occurs between moving surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the transformation of kinetic energy in the presence of friction, giving an example.

<p>Kinetic energy is converted to thermal energy whenever motion with friction occurs. For example, when a viscous fluid is stirred, kinetic energy is transformed into thermal energy due to friction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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