Physics Sound Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the name given to the sound that is heard again after being reflected by an object?

  • Diffraction
  • Echo (correct)
  • Refraction
  • Absorption

How long does the sensation of sound persist in our brain for?

  • 60 s
  • 10 s
  • 0.1 s (correct)
  • 1 s

What is the relationship between the speed of sound and the distance travelled by sound?

  • The speed of sound is directly proportional to the distance travelled. (correct)
  • The speed of sound is inversely proportional to the distance travelled.
  • The speed of sound is independent of the distance travelled.
  • None of the above.

What is the minimum time interval required to hear a distinct echo?

<p>0.1 s (D)</p>
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What is the speed of sound in air at a temperature of 22℃?

<p>344 m/s (D)</p>
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What is the distance travelled by the sound in the given example, if the time taken to hear the echo is 2 seconds?

<p>692 m (D)</p>
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Why are sound-absorbing materials used in auditoriums?

<p>To reduce reverberation (A)</p>
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What is the primary purpose of using sound-absorbent materials like compressed fibreboard or draperies in auditoriums?

<p>To improve the acoustics of the auditorium by reducing reverberation (D)</p>
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What is the purpose of a soundboard in a large hall?

<p>To reflect sound waves to distribute sound evenly throughout the hall. (A)</p>
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What is the main purpose of the conical opening in a megaphone or horn?

<p>To focus sound waves in a specific direction. (C)</p>
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What is the typical audible range of sound for human beings?

<p>20 Hz to 20000 Hz (B)</p>
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Why are the ceilings of concert halls, conference halls, and cinema halls often curved?

<p>To improve the acoustics of the space by reflecting sound waves towards the audience. (A)</p>
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What is the primary function of the amplifier in a hearing aid?

<p>Increase the strength of electrical signals (A)</p>
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Why is ultrasound preferred over ordinary sound for medical imaging?

<p>Ultrasound waves can be focused into a narrow beam. (B)</p>
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What is the term for sound waves with frequencies below 20 Hz?

<p>Infrasonic waves (D)</p>
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What is the primary characteristic of ultrasound that makes it useful in various applications?

<p>Its ability to travel in straight lines despite obstacles. (C)</p>
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What is the principle behind the use of ultrasound in medical imaging?

<p>Reflection of ultrasound waves by different tissues (D)</p>
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How are ultrasonic waves used in sonar technology?

<p>Ultrasonic waves are used to measure the distance to objects underwater. (D)</p>
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In a stethoscope, how does sound travel from the patient to the doctor's ears?

<p>Through multiple reflections of sound waves. (D)</p>
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Which of the following is NOT a commonly imaged organ using ultrasound?

<p>Brain (A)</p>
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of infrasound?

<p>It is commonly audible to humans. (B)</p>
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What is the role of the detector in an ultrasound scanner?

<p>To convert ultrasonic waves into electrical signals (A)</p>
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What is the audible range of the frequencies for the average person?

<p>20 Hz to 20,000 Hz (B)</p>
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using ultrasound for medical imaging?

<p>Provides detailed images of internal organs (A)</p>
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What is the primary function of SONAR?

<p>To measure the depth of the ocean and locate underwater objects. (D)</p>
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What is the name of the technique used to create images of internal organs using sound waves?

<p>Ultrasound (D)</p>
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What type of waves are used in both SONAR and ultrasonography?

<p>Ultrasonic waves (C)</p>
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What is the formula used to calculate the distance traveled by an ultrasound wave?

<p>Distance = Speed × Time (A)</p>
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Why is the total distance traveled by the ultrasound wave considered 2d in the text?

<p>Because the sound wave travels twice the distance of the depth of the water, once down and once back up. (C)</p>
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What does the acronym SONAR stand for?

<p>Sound Navigation And Ranging (A)</p>
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What is the primary application of ultrasound in medical treatment?

<p>Breaking up kidney stones (B)</p>
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How does sonar help determine the distance of an underwater object?

<p>By measuring the time the ultrasound waves take to travel to the object and back (B)</p>
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What causes the light spot to dance in the experiment described in the text?

<p>The sound waves create vibrations in the balloon, which in turn cause the mirror to vibrate. (C)</p>
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What is the most common medium through which sound travels?

<p>Air (B)</p>
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What is the main difference between the way sound travels and the way light travels?

<p>Sound waves travel through a medium, while light waves can travel through both a medium and a vacuum. (D)</p>
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Which of these best describes why sound is called a mechanical wave?

<p>Sound waves require a mechanical medium to travel. (D)</p>
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What is the key characteristic that distinguishes sound waves from other types of waves?

<p>The motion of particles in the medium. (A)</p>
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Based on the text, why do we hear a buzzing sound from a bee?

<p>The bee's wings vibrate rapidly, creating sound waves that travel through the air. (B)</p>
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Why is a stretched rubber band a good example to illustrate the creation of sound waves?

<p>When you pluck a stretched rubber band, it vibrates back and forth, creating a sound wave. (D)</p>
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Imagine you're in a room with two speakers playing the same sound. What would happen if you moved one speaker closer to you?

<p>The sound would be louder, but the pitch would remain the same. (D)</p>
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If the time interval between the emission of a sound and its echo is 2 seconds, what is the distance between the source of sound and the reflecting surface? The speed of sound in air is 340 m/s.

<p>340 m (B)</p>
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What is the frequency of a sound wave with a wavelength of 0.015 m and a speed of 330 m/s?

<p>22000 Hz (A)</p>
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A bat emits a sound pulse and receives its echo after 0.1 seconds. If the speed of sound in air is 340 m/s, how far away is the object the bat is detecting?

<p>17 m (B)</p>
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Which of the following scenarios would likely result in the loudest sound?

<p>A person clapping their hands loudly at a distance of 2 meters (A)</p>
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A sonar device on a submarine sends out a signal and receives an echo 4 seconds later. If the speed of sound in water is 1500 m/s, how far away is the object from the submarine?

<p>3000 m (C)</p>
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Flashcards

Sound Production

Sound is produced by a vibrating object creating disturbances in a medium.

Wave Propagation

A wave is a disturbance that moves through a medium without the medium's particles traveling forward.

Mechanical Waves

Sound waves are mechanical and require a material medium like air or water to travel.

Medium for Sound

Sound needs a medium to travel and cannot propagate in a vacuum.

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Light Spot Experiment

Using a tin can, balloon, and mirror, you can visualize sound's effect by observing a light spot dancing.

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Reflection of Light

Light reflects off surfaces, like a mirror, allowing you to see the effect of sound on light.

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Disturbance in Medium

Sound creates a disturbance in the medium that causes neighboring particles to move.

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Characteristics of Sound Waves

Sound waves are characterized by the motion of particles in the medium, not the movement of the medium itself.

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Sound travel speed

Sound travels fastest in iron, then water, then air at a given temperature.

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Reverberation

Reverberation is the persistence of sound in an environment.

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Sound absorbent materials

Materials used to reduce sound reflection in spaces, e.g., fiberboard.

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Echo

An echo is a reflected sound heard after a delay.

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Time interval for echo

To hear a distinct echo, the delay must be at least 0.1 seconds.

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Speed of sound

Speed of sound varies: about 344 m/s in air at 22 ºC.

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Distance to obstacle (echo)

Distance = speed × time; sound travels to cliff and back.

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Distance calculation example

If sound speed is 346 m/s and time is 2s, distance = 692 m.

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Audible Range of Human Ear

The range of frequencies that can be heard by the average human ear, typically from 20 Hz to 20 kHz.

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Infrasound

Sound waves with frequencies below 20 Hz, which are inaudible to humans.

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Ultrasound

Sound waves with frequencies above 20 kHz, which are also inaudible to humans.

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Echocardiography

A technique using ultrasound to create images of the heart by reflecting sound waves from its parts.

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Ultrasound Scanner

An instrument that uses ultrasonic waves to generate images of internal organs.

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Transmitter in Ultrasound

Device that produces and sends ultrasonic waves for imaging.

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Detector in Ultrasound

Device that receives reflected ultrasonic waves and converts them to electrical signals.

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Change of Tissue Density

Variation in tissue composition that causes ultrasonic waves to reflect back, helping in imaging.

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Megaphone

An instrument that amplifies sound using a tube and conical opening to direct sound waves toward an audience.

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Stethoscope

A medical device used to listen to internal sounds of the body, such as the heartbeat.

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Curved Ceilings

Ceilings in concert halls designed to reflect sound evenly throughout the space.

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Audible Range

The range of sound frequencies that humans can hear, approximately 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.

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Infrasonic Sound

Sound with frequencies below 20 Hz, which humans cannot hear but some animals can.

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Reflection of Sound

The bouncing of sound waves off surfaces, helping to direct sound in instruments like stethoscopes and megaphones.

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Sound Board

A flat surface that reflects sound waves to distribute sound evenly in a space, often used in theaters.

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Frequency of Sound

The frequency is the number of vibrations per second, measured in Hertz (Hz).

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Echo and Temperature

An echo is a reflected sound, and temperature can affect how clearly it is heard due to sound speed changes.

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Sonar Basics

Sonar uses sound waves to detect objects underwater and calculates distance based on echoes.

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Ultrasound Applications

Ultrasound is used for medical imaging and cleaning delicate items by high-frequency sound.

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Loudness Factors

Loudness of sound depends on amplitude, distance, and frequency.

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Ultrasonography

A technique using sound waves to create images of organs and detect abnormalities.

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Echo-ranging

Method using ultrasound to measure distances by timing sound wave reflections.

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SONAR

A system that uses sound to navigate and locate objects underwater.

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Speed of Sound in Water

Speed at which sound waves travel in water, used for calculating distances.

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Distance Calculation

Distance TRAVELLED by ultrasound is calculated using the formula 2d = v × t.

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Ultrasound in Medicine

Ultrasound is utilized to detect issues such as kidney stones.

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Time Interval (t)

Duration between transmission and reception of an ultrasound signal.

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Underwater Navigation

Using SONAR to find the depth and geography of underwater landscapes.

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Study Notes

Sound Production

  • Sound originates from vibrating objects.
  • Sound is a form of energy.
  • Vibrations produce compressions and rarefactions in a medium.
  • Sound needs a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to travel.
  • Sound cannot travel through a vacuum.

Sound Propagation

  • Sound travels through a medium by transferring vibrations from one particle to another.
  • Particles do not travel; the disturbance does.
  • Sound travels in waves.
  • Sound waves are longitudinal waves in which particle movement is parallel to the wave direction.

Characteristics of Sound Waves

  • Frequency: The number of oscillations per second (measured in Hertz). Higher frequency corresponds to higher pitch.
  • Amplitude: The maximum displacement of particles from their equilibrium position (measured in units of pressure or density). Larger amplitude corresponds to greater loudness.
  • Wavelength: The distance between two consecutive compressions or rarefactions (measured in meters).
  • Speed: The rate at which sound propagates through a medium (measured in meters per second). The speed depends on the medium's properties.

Speed of Sound in Different Media

  • Sound travels at different speeds in various mediums (solids, liquids, gases) at a given temperature.

Echo and Reverberation

  • An echo occurs when sound reflects off a surface and returns to the listener in a noticeable time delay.
  • Reverberation is the persistence of sound in a large space due to multiple reflections.
  • Reverberation is undesirable in some spaces (auditoriums, large halls) and is reduced by sound-absorbing materials.

Applications of Sound

  • Medical: Ultrasound for imaging internal organs, breaking kidney stones.
  • Industrial: Cleaning industrial parts, detecting flaws in metal.
  • Navigation: Sonar for detecting underwater objects.

Structure of the Human Ear

  • Outer ear: Pinna (collects sound), auditory canal.
  • Middle ear: Tympanic membrane (eardrum), hammer, anvil, stirrup (amplify vibrations).
  • Inner ear: Cochlea (converts vibrations to electrical signals), auditory nerve (transmits signals to the brain).

Range of Hearing

  • The typical audible range for humans is 20 Hz to 20 kHz.
  • Frequencies below this are infrasonic and above this are ultrasonic.

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