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Questions and Answers
Which term refers to the measure of consistency of measurements?
Which term refers to the measure of consistency of measurements?
In which condition does a body remain at rest under the action of concurrent forces?
In which condition does a body remain at rest under the action of concurrent forces?
What type of motion involves constant speed and zero acceleration?
What type of motion involves constant speed and zero acceleration?
Which term describes a quantity with magnitude and direction?
Which term describes a quantity with magnitude and direction?
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What type of motion is experienced by a body under gravity?
What type of motion is experienced by a body under gravity?
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Which law states that an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by a net force?
Which law states that an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by a net force?
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What term is used to describe the energy transfer that takes place as a consequence of temperature differences?
What term is used to describe the energy transfer that takes place as a consequence of temperature differences?
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Which physical property of matter quantitatively expresses the notions of hot and cold?
Which physical property of matter quantitatively expresses the notions of hot and cold?
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What is the term for the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1g of water from 14.5 to 15.5 degrees Celsius?
What is the term for the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1g of water from 14.5 to 15.5 degrees Celsius?
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In which type of wave do the medium particles move perpendicular to the direction of the wave?
In which type of wave do the medium particles move perpendicular to the direction of the wave?
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What principle states that the force needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance is proportional to that distance?
What principle states that the force needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance is proportional to that distance?
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Which technique is used for measuring the specific heat of a solid or liquid by raising its temperature to some value?
Which technique is used for measuring the specific heat of a solid or liquid by raising its temperature to some value?
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What is the relationship between acceleration and force according to the Law of Acceleration?
What is the relationship between acceleration and force according to the Law of Acceleration?
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Which law states 'for every action there is always an equal and opposite reaction'?
Which law states 'for every action there is always an equal and opposite reaction'?
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What type of force acts toward the center of the circular path followed by a particle?
What type of force acts toward the center of the circular path followed by a particle?
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Which type of friction occurs between surfaces at rest and has a maximum value defined by a coefficient?
Which type of friction occurs between surfaces at rest and has a maximum value defined by a coefficient?
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What is the product of force in the direction of displacement and the magnitude of the displacement known as?
What is the product of force in the direction of displacement and the magnitude of the displacement known as?
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Which type of energy is stored in a body based on its position?
Which type of energy is stored in a body based on its position?
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What type of vibratory motion is simple harmonic motion?
What type of vibratory motion is simple harmonic motion?
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How is density defined?
How is density defined?
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What quantity does Specific Gravity represent?
What quantity does Specific Gravity represent?
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What does Pascal's Principle state?
What does Pascal's Principle state?
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Which principle governs the behavior of an object submerged in a fluid?
Which principle governs the behavior of an object submerged in a fluid?
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What type of flow is characterized by smooth, predictable flow lines?
What type of flow is characterized by smooth, predictable flow lines?
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What type of waves are both transverse waves and longitudinal waves mixed in one medium?
What type of waves are both transverse waves and longitudinal waves mixed in one medium?
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Which quantity represents the number of vibrations per second in a wave?
Which quantity represents the number of vibrations per second in a wave?
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What does Ohm's Law relate to in the context of electricity?
What does Ohm's Law relate to in the context of electricity?
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Which law explains the relationships between voltage and currents in a circuit?
Which law explains the relationships between voltage and currents in a circuit?
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What is a node in the context of an electrical circuit?
What is a node in the context of an electrical circuit?
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What characteristic of a wave is determined by multiplying its frequency by its wavelength?
What characteristic of a wave is determined by multiplying its frequency by its wavelength?
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Study Notes
Physics Terms and Concepts
- Physics is the study of matter, energy, forces, and their interactions.
Measurement and Unit
- Measurement is the process of determining the magnitude of a quantity.
- Accuracy is the degree of exactness of measurement compared to the true value.
- Precision is a measure of the consistency of measurements.
Scalars and Vectors
- Scalars are physical quantities with only magnitude (e.g., mass, age, speed).
- Vectors are physical quantities with both magnitude and direction (e.g., velocity, weight, displacement).
- FX and FY represent vector components along the x-axis and y-axis, respectively.
Equilibrium and Motion
- Static equilibrium is the condition of a body at rest, remaining at rest under the action of concurrent forces.
- Translational equilibrium is the condition of a body in motion with constant velocity.
- Force condition: the vector sum of all forces acting on the body must be zero.
- Torque condition: the sum of all torques acting on the body must be zero.
- Uniform motion: constant speed and zero acceleration.
- Uniform acceleration: velocity increases uniformly.
Laws of Motion
- Law of Inertia: a body at rest remains at rest, and a body in motion remains in motion with constant speed in a straight line, unless there is a net force acting upon it.
- Law of Acceleration: a net force (F) acting on a body of mass (m) results in acceleration (a) proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass.
- Law of Action and Reaction: for every action, there is always an equal and opposite reaction.
Friction
- Centripetal forces act toward the center of a circular path.
- Laws of Friction: the force of static friction between surfaces in contact is opposite the applied force, fs ≤ μsN, where μs is a dimensionless constant.
- Kinetic friction force, fk = μkN, where μk is generally less than μs.
Energy and Work
- Work is the product of the force in the direction of displacement and the magnitude of displacement.
- Energy is the capability to do work.
- Mechanical energy of a system is the sum of its kinetic energy and potential energy.
- Potential energy is the energy stored in a body due to its position.
- Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion.
- Mass energy is the energy equivalent to its mass.
- Power is the rate at which work is done on an object.
Motion in One Dimension
- Simple Harmonic Motion is a type of vibratory motion where acceleration is proportional to displacement and directed toward the equilibrium position.
Fluids
- Density is the mass per unit volume (kg/m³).
- Specific Gravity (SPGR) is the ratio of a substance's density to that of water at 4°C (1.0 × 10³ kg/m³).
- Pressure is the ratio of force to area (Pa = N/m²).
- Pascal's Principle: pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to every point in the fluid.
- Archimedes' Principle: the behavior of an object submerged in a fluid is governed by this principle.
- Buoyant force is an upward force experienced by an object partially or fully submerged in a fluid.
Thermal Properties
- Temperature is a physical property that quantitatively expresses hot and cold.
- Thermal Expansion: bodies expand as their temperature increases.
- Heat is energy transferred from one place to another due to temperature differences.
- Heat Energy is an energy transfer that takes place as a consequence of temperature differences.
- Internal Energy is the energy a substance has at some temperature.
- Calorie is the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1g of water from 14.5 to 15.5°C.
- Specific Heat is the heat capacity per unit mass.
- Molar Heat Capacity is the heat capacity per mole.
- Calorimetry is a technique for measuring the specific heat of a solid or liquid.
Waves
- Mechanical Waves require a material medium to travel (e.g., air, water).
- Transverse Waves cause the medium to move perpendicular to the direction of the wave.
- Longitudinal Waves cause the medium to move parallel to the direction of the wave.
- Surface Waves are a combination of transverse and longitudinal waves.
- Electromagnetic Waves do not require a medium to travel (e.g., light, radio).
- Matter Waves are produced by electrons and particles.
Measuring Waves
- Period is the shortest time for a point to return to its initial position (one vibration).
- Frequency is the number of vibrations per second, measured in Hz.
- Wavelength is the shortest distance between peaks or troughs.
- Velocity is the frequency multiplied by the wavelength.
- Amplitude is the distance from the equilibrium position to the crest or trough.
Electricity
- Electrostatics is electricity at rest.
- Capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy temporarily.
- Electricity is the flow of electrons from one point to another along transmission lines.
- Ohm's Law relates voltage, current, and resistance.
- Kirchoff's Laws describe the relationships between voltage and currents in circuits.
Node and Circuit
- Node is a junction in a circuit where two or more branches are joined.
- Kirchoff's Current Law: the algebraic sum of currents at a node is zero.
- Kirchoff's Voltage Law: the total voltage around a closed loop is equal to the sum of all voltage drops within the loop.
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Description
Test your knowledge on simple harmonic motion, density, specific gravity, pressure, and Pascal's principle with this quiz. Explore the relationships between acceleration and displacement, mass per unit volume, force distribution, and fluid pressure transmission.
