Physics Scalars and Vectors Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following correctly defines momentum?

The change in velocity over time

The rate of change of mass

The product of force and time

The product of mass and velocity (correct)

What is the SI unit of force?

dyne

Kg.m/s

kg.m/s² (correct)

N.sec

According to Newton's Second Law of Motion, which of the following equations is correct?

F = m + a

F = m × a (correct)

F = v / m

F = p × v

Which of the following statements about Newton's Third Law of Motion is true?

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Signup and view all the answers

If a force of 200 N is exerted on an object for 5 seconds, what does this represent?

Impulse Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate impulse?

Impulse = F × Δt Signup and view all the answers

How is acceleration defined in terms of force and mass?

a = F / m Signup and view all the answers

What quantity is described as a vector and is concerned with direction and magnitude?

Force Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between distance and displacement?

Distance is the total path length, while displacement is the shortest path between two points. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes acceleration?

It is the rate at which an object's velocity changes over time. Signup and view all the answers

According to Newton’s first law of motion, what occurs when a net force acts on an object?

The object maintains its state of motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a vector quantity?

Displacement Signup and view all the answers

How is the second law of motion mathematically expressed?

Force = mass x acceleration Signup and view all the answers

What is the result when an object returns to its starting position?

Displacement is zero while distance is the path length covered. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes retardation?

It refers to the decrease in an object's velocity over time. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding scalar and vector quantities?

Speed is a scalar quantity, while velocity is a vector quantity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate impulse?

Impulse = F * Δt Signup and view all the answers

Which equation represents the law of conservation of momentum for a two-body system?

m1 * u1 + m2 * u2 = m1 * v1 + m2 * v2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI unit of weight?

Newton Signup and view all the answers

How is kinetic energy defined?

Energy associated with an object's velocity Signup and view all the answers

In the equation for potential energy, PE = mgh, what does 'h' represent?

Height above a reference point Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about power is true?

Power is the rate at which work is done. Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential energy of an object with a mass of 5 kg at a height of 10 m in a gravitational field of 9.8 m/s²?

490 J Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an application of the law of conservation of momentum?

Friction between surfaces Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Scalars and Vectors

Scalars have magnitude only (e.g. temperature, mass, length).
Vectors have both magnitude and direction (e.g. force, velocity, displacement).

Distance and Displacement

Distance is the total length travelled.
It is a scalar quantity and cannot be negative.
Displacement measures the shortest path between starting point and endpoint.
It is a vector quantity and can be positive, negative, or zero.

Speed and Velocity

Speed describes how fast an object is moving.
It is a scalar quantity with only magnitude.
Velocity includes both speed and direction of motion.
It is a vector quantity with magnitude and direction.

Acceleration and Retardation

Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity over time.
Retardation is the decrease in velocity over time (deceleration or negative acceleration).

Newton’s Laws of Motion

First Law (Inertia): Objects at rest stay at rest, and objects in motion stay in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
Second Law (Momentum Law): Force is equal to mass times acceleration (F = ma).
Third Law (Action & Reaction): For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction (F12 = - F21).

Momentum

Momentum is a measure of mass in motion.
It is the product of mass and velocity (p = mv).
It is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction.
Its units are: Kg.m/sec (SI) or g.cm/sec (CGS).

Force

Force is a push or pull on an object.
It is a vector quantity with magnitude and direction.
Applying force can change an object's state of rest, direction of motion, or shape.
Force is the rate of change of momentum (F = dp/dt).
Its units are: Kg.m/sec^2 (SI) or Newton (N), g.cm/sec^2 (CGS) or Dyne (1 N = 10^5 Dyne).

Impulse and Impulsive Force

Impulse is the force acting on an object for a short period.
It is a vector quantity with the formula Impulse = F × Δt.
Impulse is equal to the change in momentum (Impulse = mv - mu).
Its unit is N.sec (SI) or Dyne.sec (CGS).

Conservation of Momentum

For an isolated system, the total initial momentum equals the total final momentum (Pi = Pf).
This means m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2.
The total momentum before a collision equals the total momentum after the collision.

Applications of Conservation of Momentum

Recoil of a gun: When a gun is fired, the bullet moves forward, and the gun recoils backward due to equal and opposite momentum.
Rocket Propulsion: The expulsion of hot gases from a rocket propels it forward according to the principle of conservation of momentum.

Weight

Mass is the measure of matter in a body (measured in Kilogram or gram).
Weight is the force acting on a mass due to gravity (W = mg).
Its unit is Newton (N) in the SI system.

Energy

Energy is the capacity to do work.
It is categorized into two types: Kinetic and Potential.
Its SI unit is Joule (J), and its CGS unit is erg (1 J = 10^7 erg).

Kinetic Energy

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.
It is calculated as KE = 1/2 mv^2.
Its SI unit is Joule (J) or kg.m^2.s^-2, and its CGS unit is erg.

Potential Energy

Potential energy is the energy stored due to an object's position.
It is calculated as PE = mgh.
Its SI unit is Joule (J).

Power

Power is the rate of energy transfer or the rate at which work is done.
It is calculated as Power = Work/Time.

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Description

Test your understanding of scalars and vectors, distance and displacement, as well as speed, velocity, and acceleration. This quiz covers key concepts in physics, including Newton's Laws of Motion and their applications. Challenge yourself to see how well you grasp these fundamental principles!