14 Questions
What type of seismic wave can travel through solid, liquid, and gas?
P-wave
What is the primary function of electrons in an atom?
Determine the chemical properties of an atom
What is the rate of change of velocity?
Acceleration
What is the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in a circuit?
V = IR
What is the point on the Earth's surface directly above the location of an earthquake?
Epicenter
What is the energy level that electrons occupy in an atom?
Electron shell
What is the region around a charged particle where the force can be detected?
Electric field
What is the type of circuit where components are connected one after the other?
Series circuit
What is the main idea behind Newton's First Law of Motion?
An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue to move with a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an external force.
What is the formula that represents Newton's Second Law of Motion?
F = ma
What happens when a heavy truck and a light car are given the same amount of force?
The light car will accelerate more quickly than the heavy truck.
What is the result when you push on a wall?
The wall pushes back on you with the same force.
What is an example of Newton's Third Law of Motion?
A car exerting an equal and opposite force on the ground as it accelerates forward.
What is the main idea behind Newton's Second Law of Motion?
Force is equal to the mass of an object multiplied by its acceleration.
Study Notes
Atomic Structure
- Protons: positively charged particles, found in the nucleus, determine the element of an atom
- Neutrons: no charge, found in the nucleus, contribute to the mass of an atom
- Electrons: negatively charged particles, orbit the nucleus, determine the chemical properties of an atom
- Electron shells: energy levels that electrons occupy, can hold a specific number of electrons
- Valence electrons: electrons in the outermost energy level, participate in chemical reactions
Seismology
- Seismology: study of earthquakes and seismic waves
- Seismic waves: waves generated by earthquakes, can be P-waves (primary) or S-waves (shear)
- P-waves: compressional waves, travel through solid, liquid, and gas
- S-waves: shear waves, travel only through solid objects
- Epicenter: point on the Earth's surface directly above the location of an earthquake
Kinematics
- Kinematics: study of motion without considering forces
- Displacement: change in position of an object, can be positive or negative
- Velocity: rate of change of displacement, can be positive or negative
- Acceleration: rate of change of velocity, can be positive or negative
- Types of motion: translational, rotational, and oscillatory
Electricity
- Electric charge: fundamental property of matter, can be positive or negative
- Coulomb's law: describes the force between two charged particles
- Electric field: region around a charged particle where the force can be detected
- Electric potential: potential energy per unit charge, measured in volts
Circuit Analysis
- Electric circuit: path through which electric current flows
- Series circuit: components connected one after the other
- Parallel circuit: components connected between the same two points
- Ohm's law: relates voltage, current, and resistance (V = IR)
- Kirchhoff's laws: rules for analyzing circuits, including the junction rule and the loop rule
Natural Disasters
- Types of natural disasters: earthquakes, hurricanes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, wildfires
- Causes of natural disasters: geological, meteorological, and astronomical phenomena
- Effects of natural disasters: loss of life, damage to infrastructure, environmental damage
- Preparation and response: emergency planning, evacuation, search and rescue, relief efforts
Thermodynamics
- Thermodynamics: study of heat, temperature, and energy
- Laws of thermodynamics: zeroth, first, second, and third laws
- Internal energy: total energy of a system, including kinetic energy, potential energy, and potential energy associated with molecular interactions
- Entropy: measure of disorder or randomness in a system
3 Laws of Motion
- First law (inertia): an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue to move, unless acted upon by an external force
- Second law (force and acceleration): force is equal to the mass of an object multiplied by its acceleration (F = ma)
- Third law (action and reaction): for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
Test your knowledge of fundamental physics concepts, including atomic structure, seismology, kinematics, electricity, circuit analysis, natural disasters, thermodynamics, and the three laws of motion.
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