Physics: Refraction and Reflection Concepts
88 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

An index of refraction less than one for a medium implies which of the following?

  • The speed of light in the medium is less than in vacuum.
  • The speed of light in the medium is the same as in vacuum.
  • The speed of light in the medium is greater than in vacuum. (correct)
  • Refraction is not possible.

    • What happens to the speed of light when it enters a material with a higher index of refraction?

  • It decreases. (correct)
  • It stays the same.
  • It increases.
  • It first increases then decreases.

    • Another name for the POLARIZING ANGLE is which of the following?

  • Brewster angle (correct)
  • Land angle
  • Moles angle
  • Refracted angle

    • Spherical lenses are affected by which aberration?

    <p>Both spherical and chromatic aberration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a person's face is 30 cm in front of a concave mirror and the image is erect and 1.5 times larger, what is the focal length of the mirror?

    <p>50 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When comparing two diffraction gratings that differ only in the number of slits, which statement is correct?

    <p>The orders are better defined with the 4-slit grating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material has the slowest speed of light?

    <p>Diamond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The warning 'OBJECTS IN MIRROR ARE CLOSER THAN THEY APPEAR' indicates that the mirror is which type?

    <p>Convex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of images do concave lenses primarily produce?

    <p>Always virtual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon is crucial for fiber optics to function?

    <p>Total internal reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the colors observed on an oil slick?

    <p>Interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you stand at the center of curvature of a concave mirror, how will your image appear?

    <p>Same size and inverted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to light when it travels from crown glass into water?

    <p>It refracts and reflects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is chromatic aberration mainly caused by?

    <p>Dispersion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must the incident angle be for total internal reflection to occur?

    <p>Greater than the critical angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of light traveling from a denser medium to a less dense medium at the critical angle?

    <p>Total internal reflection occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the index of refraction of diamond affect the speed of light traveling through it?

    <p>Light travels slower in diamond than in vacuum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At the first maxima of a double-slit experiment, how does light from each opening arrive?

    <p>In phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the index of refraction inside a certain transparent material if the critical angle is found to be 48°?

    <p>1.48</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angular separation between the refracted red and refracted blue beams in glass, given their respective indices of refraction?

    <p>0.341°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you stand in front of a convex mirror at a distance equal to its radius of curvature, what will you observe?

    <p>You will see your image and you will appear smaller.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intensity of the beam after passing through two polarizers with the second polarizer rotated 40° to the first?

    <p>0.41</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When light passes through a prism, which color is refracted the most?

    <p>violet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The direction of polarization for a beam of light is defined as what?

    <p>the direction of the electric field's vibration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focal length of a double convex lens made of glass with an index of refraction of 1.60 and radii of curvature of 46 cm?

    <p>36 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As a soap film becomes much thinner than the wavelength of blue light, how does it appear?

    <p>It appears blue since all other colors are transmitted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diffraction grating produces greater dispersion: one with 4000 lines per cm or one with 6000 lines per cm?

    <p>The 6000-line grating produces the greater dispersion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the distance between adjacent maxima when the slit separation in a double-slit experiment is cut in half?

    <p>It increases to 2 cm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will the angle of refraction be when light enters air from water?

    <p>Less than the angle of incidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As the frequency of light increases in common transparent media, what happens to the index of refraction?

    <p>It increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lens has a power of +10 Diopters and a first surface center of curvature in front of the lens?

    <p>double convex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) depend upon which principle for their operation?

    <p>polarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angle of refraction in glass if the incident angle is 45°?

    <p>Less than 45°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What orientation is the image of a rare stamp viewed through a magnifying glass when the stamp is close to the glass?

    <p>Either the same orientation or upside-down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a red and blue light beam passes through a glass plate, how do the separate beams emerge?

    <p>Parallel, with the blue beam below the red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of image is formed by a converging lens when the object is inside the focal point?

    <p>Virtual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to light rays with an angle of incidence greater than the critical angle of 48.8° when passing from water into air?

    <p>Totally reflected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For destructive interference, the path difference is given by which values of m?

    <p>1, 3, 5, 7,...</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The condition for X-ray diffraction maxima is attributed to which scientist?

    <p>Bragg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the index of refraction of a medium is 1.5, what is the speed of light in that medium?

    <p>2.0 × 10^8 m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected pattern on the screen after light passes through two narrow parallel slits?

    <p>A series of alternating light and dark bands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance between two slits if the third bright fringe is at an angle of 7.0° for a wavelength of 490 nm?

    <p>3.6 × 10^-5 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When light rays are in phase, which statement is true?

    <p>Electric fields of both rays reach their maxima simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What changes when light enters a medium of different optical density?

    <p>Only speed and wavelength change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How far must an object be placed in front of a lens with a focal length of 50.0 mm to form a virtual image magnified by a factor of three?

    <p>33.3 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what angle will the second order line appear for an X-ray beam making an angle of 20°?

    <p>40°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to light traveling at an angle into a denser medium?

    <p>It is refracted toward the normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an index of refraction less than one indicate about the speed of light in that medium?

    <p>The speed of light in the medium is greater than in vacuum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When light passes into a medium with a higher index of refraction, its speed changes in what way?

    <p>The speed decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for the angle at which light is completely polarized upon reflection?

    <p>Brewster angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of aberration do spherical lenses experience?

    <p>Both spherical and chromatic aberration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given a concave shaving mirror where a person's face is 30 cm away and the image is 1.5 times larger, what is the focal length of the mirror?

    <p>20 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If two diffraction gratings with the same slit separation have different numbers of slits, what can be said about the light patterns they produce?

    <p>The grating with more slits produces a pattern with greater order separation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials has the slowest speed of light?

    <p>Diamond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mirror is indicated if a rear-view mirror states 'OBJECTS IN MIRROR ARE CLOSER THAN THEY APPEAR'?

    <p>Convex mirror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of image is always formed by a concave lens?

    <p>Always virtual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon allows fiber optics to function effectively?

    <p>Total internal reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the vivid colors observed on an oil slick?

    <p>Interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you stand exactly at the center of curvature of a concave mirror, how will your image appear?

    <p>Inverted and the same size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when light is incident at the critical angle while traveling from crown glass to water?

    <p>Total internal reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of aberration is primarily caused by the variation of the refractive index with wavelength?

    <p>Chromatic aberration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does sunlight create a rainbow in the atmosphere?

    <p>By dispersion, refraction, and reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results when light reflects off a glass surface from air?

    <p>A 180° phase change occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is true about the order of light interference patterns in a double-slit experiment at the first maxima?

    <p>The light waves arrive completely in phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be concluded when light travels from one medium to another and the index of refraction is higher in the first medium?

    <p>Light slows down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the light rays with an angle of incidence greater than the critical angle when passing from water into air?

    <p>They are totally reflected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a two-slit experiment, what pattern will be observed on the screen when monochromatic light passes through two narrow parallel slits?

    <p>A series of alternating bright and dark fringes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the image formed when an object is inside the focal point of a converging lens?

    <p>Virtual and upright.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a light beam composed of red and blue light emerges from glass, how are the beams oriented?

    <p>Non-parallel, blue below red.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How far from a lens of focal length 50.0 mm must the object be placed to form a virtual image that is magnified by a factor of three?

    <p>33.3 mm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines two light rays being 'in phase' with each other?

    <p>Their electric fields reach maxima simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For destructive interference in wave patterns, what values of m are used in the path difference formula?

    <p>m = 1, 3, 5,...</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When light travels from a less dense medium to a denser medium at an incident angle greater than the critical angle, what occurs?

    <p>It is reflected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the speed of light as it travels from air into glass?

    <p>It slows down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angle of refraction when light exits a 45° glass prism into the air?

    <p>45°.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When two parallel rays reflect off a concave mirror, where do they intersect?

    <p>At the focal point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of aberration do spherical mirrors experience?

    <p>Both chromatic and spherical aberration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angular separation between the refracted red and refracted blue beams while in the glass?

    <p>0.341°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you stand in front of a convex mirror at a distance equal to its radius of curvature, how will the image appear?

    <p>You will see your image smaller.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intensity of light after passing through two polarizers, with the second rotated 40° to the first, if the initial intensity is 1?

    <p>0.64</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which color is refracted the most when light passes through a prism?

    <p>Violet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the direction of polarization for a beam of light?

    <p>The direction of the electric field's vibration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diffraction grating produces the greater dispersion?

    <p>The 6000 lines/cm grating produces greater dispersion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the distance between adjacent maxima when the slit separation in a double-slit experiment is halved?

    <p>It increases to 2 cm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will be the angle of refraction when light enters air from water?

    <p>Less than the angle of incidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of lens produces a power of +10 Diopters and has a first surface center of curvature in front of the lens?

    <p>Double convex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle does a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) depend upon for its operation?

    <p>Polarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you look at the bottom side of a shiny spoon, what image will you see?

    <p>A little you, upside down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Refraction and Reflection

    • An index of refraction less than 1 implies light travels faster in the medium than in a vacuum.
    • When light enters a material with a higher index of refraction, its speed decreases.
    • Brewster's angle is another name for the polarizing angle.
    • An index of refraction less than 1 for a medium means the speed of light in that medium is greater than the speed of light in a vacuum.

    Lenses and Mirrors

    • Spherical lenses suffer from both spherical and chromatic aberration.
    • A concave shaving mirror with an erect image 1.5 times larger than the object, placed 30 cm in front, has a focal length of 20 cm.
    • Diffraction gratings with more slits (e.g., 4 slits) create better defined orders, not a greater separation between them, given the same slit separation.
    • Diamond has the slowest speed of light among the given options.
    • Rearview mirrors are usually convex, making objects appear closer than they actually are.
    • Light incident on a glass plate at 45° in air has a refraction angle less than 45° in the glass, dependent on the glass's refractive index.
    • A magnifying glass creates an image that may be the same orientation or upside-down, depending on the object's distance to the lens.
    • Light emerging from a rectangular glass plate separates with the blue beam displaced below the red beam if entering at an angle.
    • A converging lens with an object inside the focal point always creates a virtual image.
    • Total internal reflection occurs when the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, causing all light to be reflected.
    • Destructive interference occurs when the path difference is equal to mλ/2, where 'm' is an odd integer.
    • X-ray diffraction maxima follow Bragg's Law (2d sin θ = nλ).
    • The speed of light in a medium with an index of refraction of 1.5 is 2.0 x 108 m/s.

    Interference and Diffraction

    • A double-slit experiment with monochromatic light produces alternating light and dark bands (interference pattern) on a screen.
    • In a two-slit experiment, the distance between slits can be calculated given the wavelength of light and the angle to the bright fringe.
    • Two light rays are in phase if their electric field strengths are maximum at the same time.
    • When light enters a medium with different optical density, its speed and wavelength change, but the frequency doesn't.
    • A virtual image magnified threefold by a lens with a 50 mm focal length requires the object to be placed 33.3 mm from it.
    • The second-order diffraction line for an X-ray beam with a 1.4 x 10-10 m wavelength and 20° angle is observed at 43°.

    Mirrors, Prisms, and Polarisation

    • The light ray entering a prism obliquely will exit at an angle, depending on the prism and incident light's direction.
    • Parallel rays reflecting from a concave mirror intersect at the focal point.
    • Light traveling into a denser medium refracts toward the normal.
    • Light travels fastest in a vacuum.
    • A concave mirror with a focal length of 25 cm and an object 50 cm away has a magnification of -2.
    • Spherical mirrors suffer from spherical aberration.
    • The critical angle for a transparent material with a refractive index (n) is related to its critical angle (θc).
    • Reflection of light at a glass-air boundary results in a 180° phase change.
    • The refractive index of diamond (2.42) means light travels 2.42 times slower in the diamond than in a vacuum.
    • At diffraction maxima in a double-slit experiment, light waves from each slit arrive in phase.
    • Reflection at an air-glass boundary of light travelling in glass does not cause a phase change.

    Additional Topics

    • The sky appears blue due to Rayleigh scattering.
    • The limiting angle of resolution for the eye is related to pupil diameter, light wavelength, and refractive index.
    • Images formed by concave lenses are always virtual, except at the focal point where they are real.
    • Fiber optics uses total internal reflection.
    • Oil slick colors are due to interference.
    • A concave mirror with an object at its center of curvature produces an inverted image of the same size.
    • A double-concave mirror at its center of curvature produces an image of the same size and upright.
    • Chromatic aberration arises from dispersion of light.
    • Rainbows are formed by refraction and dispersion of sunlight.
    • A lens with chromatic aberration has a refractive index that varies with wavelength.
    • Total internal reflection requires the incident angle to be in the medium with the higher refractive index.
    • The critical angle for crown glass to water boundary is 61°.
    • Light passing through a prism, the color refracted most, is violet.
    • Polarization of a light beam is defined by the vibrating direction of the electric field.
    • A converging meniscus lens with radii of curvature of 46 cm and n=1.60 will have a focal length of 36 cm.
    • Thin soap films appear black if very thin, reflecting no visible light.
    • The dispersion of a diffraction grating is greatest for a grating with more lines per centimeter.
    • In a two-slit experiment, if slit separation is halved, the distance between adjacent maxima doubles.
    • Light entering air from water refracts at an angle less than the incident angle.
    • As light frequency increases in common transparent media, the index of refraction increases.
    • A lens with a power of +10 Diopters and a first surface center of curvature in front is a convex meniscus.
    • Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) use polarization and dichroism.
    • Looking into a shiny spoon's convex side, creates a small, upright image.
    • When light passes between mediums, its direction and speed change.
    • Light travels fastest in a vacuum.
    • A shorter slit separation in a two-slit experiment leads to a wider separation of maxima on a screen.
    • Destructive interference and constructive interference are related to path differences, using wavelength as a factor. Constructive interference occurs when path differences are multiples of the light's wavelength and destructive interference occurs when they are multiples of the wavelength divided by two.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz covers essential concepts related to refraction and reflection, including indices of refraction and the behavior of light in lenses and mirrors. Test your understanding of light behavior when encountered with different mediums and tools such as shaving mirrors and magnifying glasses.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser