Physics Quiz: Time and Mass Concepts

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #01

• This course will consist of 45 lectures
• Physics is the branch of science that governs our modern world (technology, etc.)
• Physics is a way of thinking that accepts reasoning in evaluating truth and falsehood based on results from experiments.
• Physics is the "queen" of science
• The history of science is as old as mankind
• Civilizations like the Greek, Chinese, Hindu, and Islamic have contributed to the advancement of physics.
• The Scientific Revolution in Europe marked a significant change in physics
• Matter exists in three states: solids, liquids, and gases
• Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter
• Atoms comprise a nucleus with protons and neutrons, and electrons orbiting the nucleus
• Quarks are the fundamental particles that make up protons and neutrons.

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #02

• Kinematics is the study of motion without considering the forces
• Displacement is the change in an object's position
• Velocity is the rate of change in position over time
• Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity over time
• Units of the above are accordingly m, m/s, m/s²

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #03

• Studying physics will help students understand concepts for future courses.
• Students should utilize video lectures, materials provided, and assignments.
• Studying physics is important in the field of engineering
• Science requires reason, logic, and experience in determining the truth or falsehood of a scientific claim.
• Calculus, algebra, and trigonometry are necessary prerequisites for studying physics.
• Classical mechanics, electricity and magnetism, thermal physics, and quantum mechanics are four main areas of physics.

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #04

• Physics is about solving existing problems and understanding and exploring new problems.
• It is crucial for students to attentively watch video lectures, read all materials and handouts, and complete all assignments.
• Fundamental physics principles are needed for fields ranging from bridge construction to designing electric components.
• Science relies on logical reasoning and the results of experiments to determine truth from falsehood.
• Calculus, algebra, trigonometry, linear equations, and quadratic equations are important.
• Classical, electricity, thermal, and quantum areas of physics will be discussed.

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #05

• Dimensions: Time (T), Length (L), and Mass (M) are fundamental measurements.
• Clocks are used to measure time.
• Pendulums are examples of clocks
• The best clocks are atomic clocks which have greater accuracy than other types.
• Length is measured using rulers.
• Atomic clocks are much more accurate than rulers.
• Mass relates an object's resistance to motion.
• Dimensional analysis is important in checking the correctness of equations.

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #06

• Units are used to perform calculations in physics and in converting between system of units, like MKS (meter, kilogram, second) or CGS (centimeter, gram, second).
• This can also be referred as conversion of units.
• Scientific notation is used for very large and small quantities
• Quantities have different scales, both small and large (e.g., the size of an atom to the size of the universe).
• Time scales can be used for different events
• Mass scales are used for different objects

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #07

• Classical Mechanics: The field of physics relating to objects, momentum, energy, force, displacement, velocity, and acceleration. It's attributed to Newton.
• Units: Units of measurement are essential for physics calculations.
• Dimensional quantities: Quantities made up of mass, length, and time.
• Density: Mass per unit volume
• Frequency: The rate of cycles per unit time
• Mathematical knowledge is important to study physics.
• The science of the universe and of the atom: Physics is about the whole universe

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #08

• Potential energy: a form of energy stored in any object due to its position.
• Examples of potential Energy: Elastic, gravitational, Electrical and Chemical energy. Formula: PE = mgh. Units: Joules.

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #09

• Momentum: The product of an object's mass and velocity. It is a vector quantity.
• Dimensions of momentum: M L T-1.
• Units of momentum: kg m/s.
• Momentum's significance as a fundamental concept in physics due to Newton's 2nd law.
• Conservation of momentum: total momentum remains unchanged for an isolated system

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #10

• Collisions: extremely common in physics, happening continuously in various physical systems (from electrons colliding with atoms to star galaxies).
• Elastic collision: The total kinetic energy of the colliding bodies before and after collision is conserved.
• Inelastic collision: The total kinetic energy is not conserved after a collision. Instead, some energy is transformed
• Momentum is conserved for all types of collisions.

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #11

• Rotational kinematics: the study of objects rotating or revolving around a fixed axis
• Angular speed
• Angular acceleration
• Relationship between linear and angular variable

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #12

• Center of mass: the average position of the mass distribution within an object.
• Center of gravity: the average location of the weight of an object

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #13

• Angular momentum: a vector quantity that describes rotational motion. It is the rotational analogous to linear momentum.
• Angular momentum of a single particle is the product of mass, velocity, and the perpendicular distance from the point of reference
• Conservation of angular momentum: in the absence of external torques, the total angular momentum of an isolated system remains constant over time.

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #14

• Equilibrium: A state in which the summation of forces is zero and the net torque is zero.
• Conditions for equilibrium: static equilibrium in which the body is at rest; the net force acting on the body is zero and the sum of torques on it is zero.
• Examples of equilibrium: A rock resting on a flat surface, a ball hanging from a string
• Torque is the product of Force and distance. The greater the distance from the point where force is applied, the greater the torque produced.
• Forces do work on objects.

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #15

• Oscillation: repetitive periodic motion.
• Definitions: Time period, frequency, and amplitude are measures of oscillation.
• Example of oscillation: a pendulum

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #16

• This lecture is about simple harmonic motion
• The description of Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM); the restoring force is directly proportional to the amount of displacement.
• Derivation of the equation of motion for a mass-spring system (differential equation).
• The concept of angular frequency (ω) = √(k/m). The frequency of the oscillation is given by 1/T; a measure of how many complete oscillations (back and forth) occur in one second
• A solution for Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) can be expressed in terms of sine or cosine functions.

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #17

• Solids and liquids are two basic states of matter.
• Solids are tightly packed in a specific shape and resist shape changes.
• Liquids are less tightly packed than solids, and, thus, take the shape of their containers.
• Gases are loosely packed and have no fixed shape.
• Elasticity: the property of a body that allows it to return to its original shape after force.
• Plasticity: The opposite of elasticity; no ability to return to original shape
• Types of stress: longitudinal, volume, and shear

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #18

• Fluids: substances that can flow (liquids and gases)
• Stress and strain: Measures of the forces causing deformation.
• Fluid statics: the study of fluids at rest
• Pressure: the normal force per unit area, affected by depth and density. Typical pressure is given in pascal (Pa) or Newtons/meter²
• Pascal's principle: pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted equally throughout the fluid
• Archimedes' principle: the buoyant force on an immersed object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced .
• Density: Mass per unit volume

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #19

• Waves: disturbances that transfer energy without transferring matter. They are characterized by their wavelength, frequency, and amplitude.
• Types of waves: longitudinal (like sound) and transverse (like light waves)
• Constructive interference: waves are in phase, resulting in larger amplitude
• Destructive interference: waves are out of phase, resulting in cancellation
• Sound intensity: measured in decibels (dB)

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #20

• Waves in various scenarios
• Application of waves: in musical instruments, radio modulation, etc

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #21

• Gravity: A fundamental force of attraction between any two objects in the universe
• Kepler's law: describing the motion of planets around the Sun
• Newton's law of universal gravitation: explains the force of attraction between any two objects in the universe.

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #22

• Electrostatic force is a fundamental force that results from interactions between charges at rest. It can be both attractive(opposite charges) and repulsive (same charges).
• Coulomb's law: Describes the magnitude of the force between two point charges.
• Electric field: a region surrounding a charged object where other charged objects experience a force.
• Quantization of charge: meaning of the smallest unit of electrical charge.

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #23

• Electric field lines: used to illustrate the strength and the direction of the electric field
• Electric dipole: a system of two equal and opposite charges separated by a small distance.
• The electric field due to a dipole decreases proportionally to 1/x³ at large distances x from the source.

Test your knowledge on various physics concepts, including the speed of light, radio waves, mass of particles, and temporal calculations. This quiz covers essential principles related to time and mass in the universe and their measurements.