Physics Quiz: Time and Mass Concepts

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Questions and Answers

How long does it take light to travel from Earth to the moon?

1.3 × 10^0 seconds (correct)

1.3 seconds (correct)

1.3 × 10^1 seconds

13 seconds

What is the time duration of one cycle of a radio wave?

1 × 10^2 seconds

1 × 10^8 seconds

1 × 10^4 seconds

1 × 10^-8 seconds (correct)

What is the mass of a dust particle in kg?

1 × 10^-6 kg

1 × 10^-9 kg (correct)

1 × 10^2 kg

1 × 10^-3 kg

How many seconds are there in one year?

3.2 × 10^7 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate mass of the Milky Way galaxy in kg?

4 × 10^41 kg Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of an oxygen atom in kg?

3 × 10^-25 kg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the age of the universe in seconds?

5 × 10^17 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What does the equation $x = x_0 + v_0 t + \frac{1}{2} a t^2$ represent?

Displacement as a function of time and acceleration Signup and view all the answers

What is the characterization of a unit vector?

A vector with a magnitude of one Signup and view all the answers

How is acceleration defined in a two-dimensional context?

The rate of change of velocity Signup and view all the answers

In which situation would the equation $v = v_0 + a t$ be applicable?

An object with constant acceleration Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct representation of velocity in two dimensions?

v = dx/dt î + dy/dt ĵ Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the displacement of an object moving with constant acceleration as time increases?

It increases quadratically over time. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'resolution of vectors' refer to?

Breaking down a vector into its components Signup and view all the answers

What does the initial value of position ($x_0$) represent in the equations?

The position when time is zero Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the vectors î and ĵ is TRUE?

They are perpendicular to each other. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following quantities does not appear in the equation $x = x_0 + v_0 t + \frac{1}{2} a t^2$?

Final velocity Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for the second derivative of x with respect to time?

d²x/dt² = d²x/dt² Signup and view all the answers

How does the velocity of an object with constant acceleration behave over time?

It increases linearly. Signup and view all the answers

The components of the velocity vector in two dimensions are represented by which variables?

vx and vy Signup and view all the answers

If the acceleration of an object is negative, what can be inferred about its motion?

The object is slowing down if it is moving forward. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following graphs would best represent the displacement over time for an object with constant acceleration?

A quadratic curve opening upwards Signup and view all the answers

What is the resultant vector from components Ax and Ay expressed in unit vector notation?

A = Ax î + Ay ĵ Signup and view all the answers

What force acts on the apple from the earth?

The gravitational force acting on the apple Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction force when the apple exerts a force on the table?

The table exerting a force on the apple Signup and view all the answers

Why did the horse believe it could not pull the cart?

Because it had just read Newton's third law Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when a person pushes backwards against the ground?

The ground pushes the person forward Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT an example of Newton's third law in action?

A horse standing still in a cart Signup and view all the answers

How does the weight of the apple compare to that of the earth?

The earth weighs more than the apple Signup and view all the answers

What effect does placing an apple on a table have?

Causes the table to bend slightly Signup and view all the answers

What must happen for an object to accelerate when a force is applied?

The force must be greater than the mass Signup and view all the answers

What is the weight of 1 crore rupees based on the provided information?

20 kilograms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the relationship between precise calculations and coarse estimates?

Both methods can lead to similar results in certain cases. Signup and view all the answers

How is the scientific method characterized in the context provided?

It involves making observations and testing hypotheses. Signup and view all the answers

What is the total weight of 10 crore rupees based on the information given?

200 kilograms Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion is drawn about the possibility of carrying 10 crore rupees on a motorcycle?

It is physically impossible to carry such a weight. Signup and view all the answers

What is the closest power of 10 for 80 years in scientific notation?

$10^2$ Signup and view all the answers

In the weight measurement experiment, how much does 10 notes of 1000 rupees weigh?

20 grams Signup and view all the answers

What is an important aspect of the scientific methodology discussed?

It requires observable outcomes to test hypotheses. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of an inertial frame of reference?

It moves with uniform velocity. Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario best illustrates a non-inertial frame of reference?

A person inside a car making a U-turn. Signup and view all the answers

How does mass affect a body's resistance to change in motion?

More mass means more resistance. Signup and view all the answers

What does the law of inertia describe?

The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in uniform motion. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly represents Newton's second law of motion?

F = ma Signup and view all the answers

If an object has a larger mass but the same force is applied, what happens to the acceleration?

Acceleration decreases. Signup and view all the answers

How does weight differ from mass?

Weight is a measure of gravitational force acting on an object, while mass is the amount of matter. Signup and view all the answers

What will happen if the force applied to an object is doubled while keeping the mass constant?

The acceleration will double. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #01

This course will consist of 45 lectures
Physics is the branch of science that governs our modern world (technology, etc.)
Physics is a way of thinking that accepts reasoning in evaluating truth and falsehood based on results from experiments.
Physics is the "queen" of science
The history of science is as old as mankind
Civilizations like the Greek, Chinese, Hindu, and Islamic have contributed to the advancement of physics.
The Scientific Revolution in Europe marked a significant change in physics
Matter exists in three states: solids, liquids, and gases
Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter
Atoms comprise a nucleus with protons and neutrons, and electrons orbiting the nucleus
Quarks are the fundamental particles that make up protons and neutrons.

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #02

Kinematics is the study of motion without considering the forces
Displacement is the change in an object's position
Velocity is the rate of change in position over time
Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity over time
Units of the above are accordingly m, m/s, m/s²

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #03

Studying physics will help students understand concepts for future courses.
Students should utilize video lectures, materials provided, and assignments.
Studying physics is important in the field of engineering
Science requires reason, logic, and experience in determining the truth or falsehood of a scientific claim.
Calculus, algebra, and trigonometry are necessary prerequisites for studying physics.
Classical mechanics, electricity and magnetism, thermal physics, and quantum mechanics are four main areas of physics.

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #04

Physics is about solving existing problems and understanding and exploring new problems.
It is crucial for students to attentively watch video lectures, read all materials and handouts, and complete all assignments.
Fundamental physics principles are needed for fields ranging from bridge construction to designing electric components.
Science relies on logical reasoning and the results of experiments to determine truth from falsehood.
Calculus, algebra, trigonometry, linear equations, and quadratic equations are important.
Classical, electricity, thermal, and quantum areas of physics will be discussed.

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #05

Dimensions: Time (T), Length (L), and Mass (M) are fundamental measurements.
Clocks are used to measure time.
Pendulums are examples of clocks
The best clocks are atomic clocks which have greater accuracy than other types.
Length is measured using rulers.
Atomic clocks are much more accurate than rulers.
Mass relates an object's resistance to motion.
Dimensional analysis is important in checking the correctness of equations.

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #06

Units are used to perform calculations in physics and in converting between system of units, like MKS (meter, kilogram, second) or CGS (centimeter, gram, second).
This can also be referred as conversion of units.
Scientific notation is used for very large and small quantities
Quantities have different scales, both small and large (e.g., the size of an atom to the size of the universe).
Time scales can be used for different events
Mass scales are used for different objects

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #07

Classical Mechanics: The field of physics relating to objects, momentum, energy, force, displacement, velocity, and acceleration. It's attributed to Newton.
Units: Units of measurement are essential for physics calculations.
Dimensional quantities: Quantities made up of mass, length, and time.
Density: Mass per unit volume
Frequency: The rate of cycles per unit time
Mathematical knowledge is important to study physics.
The science of the universe and of the atom: Physics is about the whole universe

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #08

Potential energy: a form of energy stored in any object due to its position.
Examples of potential Energy: Elastic, gravitational, Electrical and Chemical energy. Formula: PE = mgh. Units: Joules.

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #09

Momentum: The product of an object's mass and velocity. It is a vector quantity.
Dimensions of momentum: M L T-1.
Units of momentum: kg m/s.
Momentum's significance as a fundamental concept in physics due to Newton's 2nd law.
Conservation of momentum: total momentum remains unchanged for an isolated system

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #10

Collisions: extremely common in physics, happening continuously in various physical systems (from electrons colliding with atoms to star galaxies).
Elastic collision: The total kinetic energy of the colliding bodies before and after collision is conserved.
Inelastic collision: The total kinetic energy is not conserved after a collision. Instead, some energy is transformed
Momentum is conserved for all types of collisions.

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #11

Rotational kinematics: the study of objects rotating or revolving around a fixed axis
Angular speed
Angular acceleration
Relationship between linear and angular variable

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #12

Center of mass: the average position of the mass distribution within an object.
Center of gravity: the average location of the weight of an object

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #13

Angular momentum: a vector quantity that describes rotational motion. It is the rotational analogous to linear momentum.
Angular momentum of a single particle is the product of mass, velocity, and the perpendicular distance from the point of reference
Conservation of angular momentum: in the absence of external torques, the total angular momentum of an isolated system remains constant over time.

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #14

Equilibrium: A state in which the summation of forces is zero and the net torque is zero.
Conditions for equilibrium: static equilibrium in which the body is at rest; the net force acting on the body is zero and the sum of torques on it is zero.
Examples of equilibrium: A rock resting on a flat surface, a ball hanging from a string
Torque is the product of Force and distance. The greater the distance from the point where force is applied, the greater the torque produced.
Forces do work on objects.

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #15

Oscillation: repetitive periodic motion.
Definitions: Time period, frequency, and amplitude are measures of oscillation.
Example of oscillation: a pendulum

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #16

This lecture is about simple harmonic motion
The description of Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM); the restoring force is directly proportional to the amount of displacement.
Derivation of the equation of motion for a mass-spring system (differential equation).
The concept of angular frequency (ω) = √(k/m). The frequency of the oscillation is given by 1/T; a measure of how many complete oscillations (back and forth) occur in one second
A solution for Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) can be expressed in terms of sine or cosine functions.

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #17

Solids and liquids are two basic states of matter.
Solids are tightly packed in a specific shape and resist shape changes.
Liquids are less tightly packed than solids, and, thus, take the shape of their containers.
Gases are loosely packed and have no fixed shape.
Elasticity: the property of a body that allows it to return to its original shape after force.
Plasticity: The opposite of elasticity; no ability to return to original shape
Types of stress: longitudinal, volume, and shear

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #18

Fluids: substances that can flow (liquids and gases)
Stress and strain: Measures of the forces causing deformation.
Fluid statics: the study of fluids at rest
Pressure: the normal force per unit area, affected by depth and density. Typical pressure is given in pascal (Pa) or Newtons/meter²
Pascal's principle: pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted equally throughout the fluid
Archimedes' principle: the buoyant force on an immersed object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced .
Density: Mass per unit volume

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #19

Waves: disturbances that transfer energy without transferring matter. They are characterized by their wavelength, frequency, and amplitude.
Types of waves: longitudinal (like sound) and transverse (like light waves)
Constructive interference: waves are in phase, resulting in larger amplitude
Destructive interference: waves are out of phase, resulting in cancellation
Sound intensity: measured in decibels (dB)

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #20

Waves in various scenarios
Application of waves: in musical instruments, radio modulation, etc

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #21

Gravity: A fundamental force of attraction between any two objects in the universe
Kepler's law: describing the motion of planets around the Sun
Newton's law of universal gravitation: explains the force of attraction between any two objects in the universe.

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #22

Electrostatic force is a fundamental force that results from interactions between charges at rest. It can be both attractive(opposite charges) and repulsive (same charges).
Coulomb's law: Describes the magnitude of the force between two point charges.
Electric field: a region surrounding a charged object where other charged objects experience a force.
Quantization of charge: meaning of the smallest unit of electrical charge.

Physics-PHY101-Lecture #23

Electric field lines: used to illustrate the strength and the direction of the electric field
Electric dipole: a system of two equal and opposite charges separated by a small distance.
The electric field due to a dipole decreases proportionally to 1/x³ at large distances x from the source.

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Description

Test your knowledge on various physics concepts, including the speed of light, radio waves, mass of particles, and temporal calculations. This quiz covers essential principles related to time and mass in the universe and their measurements.