Physics Quiz on Thermodynamics and Kinetic Theory

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Questions and Answers

What remains constant during an isobaric process?

  • Pressure (correct)
  • Temperature
  • Volume
  • Density

Which of the following devices is used to measure heat?

  • Thermometer
  • Barometer
  • Calorimeter (correct)
  • Hydrometer

What is the expression for centripetal acceleration?

  • $a_c = v^2 r$
  • $a_c = rac{v}{r^2}$
  • $a_c = rac{r}{v^2}$
  • $a_c = rac{v^2}{r}$ (correct)

Under what condition does a force do no work on an object?

<p>The displacement is zero (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In simple harmonic motion, the restoring force is directed towards what?

<p>Equilibrium position (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of waves can travel through solids, liquids, and gases?

<p>Longitudinal waves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during collisions between molecules of an ideal gas, according to kinetic theory?

<p>Elastic collisions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the average kinetic energy of a monoatomic gas molecule distributed among its degrees of freedom?

<p>Equally divided among its degrees of freedom (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines equal vectors?

<p>Vectors having the same magnitude and direction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition for a rigid body to be in equilibrium?

<p>Both the resultant force and torque must be zero. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Kepler's Second Law, what happens during equal intervals of time?

<p>Equal areas are swept out. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes streamline flow?

<p>Smooth and orderly motion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the kinematic equation $v = v_0 + at$ represent?

<p>The change in velocity of an object under constant acceleration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the equation of continuity for fluid flow state?

<p>The product of area and velocity is constant. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the volume coefficient $α_v$ for an ideal gas represent?

<p>It is inversely proportional to temperature. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a null vector?

<p>A vector with a magnitude of 0. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All particles of the body have the same ______ in pure translational motion.

<p>velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

A device used to measure heat is a ______.

<p>calorimeter</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an isobaric process, the quantity that remains constant is ______.

<p>pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Collisions between molecules of an ideal gas are ______.

<p>elastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

In simple harmonic motion, the restoring force is directed towards ______.

<p>equilibrium position</p> Signup and view all the answers

The expression for centripetal acceleration is ______ = v²/r.

<p>a_c</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two methods of reducing friction include using ______ and smoothing surfaces.

<p>lubricants</p> Signup and view all the answers

The average kinetic energy of a molecule is equally divided among its degrees of ______.

<p>freedom</p> Signup and view all the answers

Derive the kinematic equation: v = v_0 + ______t

<p>at</p> Signup and view all the answers

In physics, a unit vector has a magnitude of ______.

<p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

A rigid body is in equilibrium if both its linear momentum and angular momentum are ______.

<p>zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

Kepler's first law states that planets move in ______ orbits with the Sun at one focus.

<p>elliptical</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the equation of continuity for fluid flow, A_1v_1 = A_2v_2, where A is the ______ and v is the velocity.

<p>cross-sectional area</p> Signup and view all the answers

The volume coefficient of ideal gas shows that α_v is equal to ______ for ideal gases.

<p>1/T</p> Signup and view all the answers

Newton's second law leads to the derivation of F = ______.

<p>ma</p> Signup and view all the answers

In turbulent flow, the motion of fluid is characterized by ______ motion.

<p>irregular</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Translational Motion

In pure translational motion, all body particles have the same velocity.

Calorimeter

A device used to measure heat energy.

Isobaric Process

An isobaric process is where pressure remains constant.

Elastic Collisions

Collisions between molecules of an ideal gas are elastic.

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Equilibrium Position

In simple harmonic motion, the restoring force is directed towards this position.

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Centripetal Acceleration

Centripetal acceleration is given by the formula a_c = v²/r.

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Friction Reduction

Using lubricants or smoothing surfaces helps reduce friction.

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Degrees of Freedom

Monoatomic gas molecules have 3 degrees of freedom for energy distribution.

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Equal vectors

Vectors having the same magnitude and direction.

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Unit vector

A vector with a magnitude of 1.

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Null vector

A vector with a magnitude of 0.

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Equilibrium of rigid body

A rigid body is in equilibrium if net force and torque are zero.

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Kepler's First Law

Planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus.

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Kepler's Second Law

A line from planet to Sun sweeps equal areas in equal time intervals.

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Streamline flow

Smooth and orderly fluid motion with parallel layers.

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Turbulent flow

Irregular fluid motion characterized by chaotic changes in pressure.

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Free Fall

Motion of an object where gravity is the only force acting on it.

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Dimensional Analysis

A technique to check the dimensional correctness and derive relationships in physics.

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Law of Equipartition of Energy

Average kinetic energy of a molecule is equally shared among its degrees of freedom.

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Perpendicular Force

A condition where a force does no work as it acts at a right angle to motion.

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Zero Displacement

When displacement is zero, even a force can do no work.

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Longitudinal Waves

Waves where particles vibrate parallel to wave direction, can travel in solids, liquids, and gases.

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Transverse Waves

Waves in which particle vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of propagation, can only travel in solids.

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Kinematic Equation

Equation that relates final velocity, initial velocity, acceleration, and time: v = vâ‚€ + at.

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F = ma

Newton's second law stating force equals mass times acceleration.

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Kepler's Third Law

The square of a planet's orbital period is proportional to the cube of its semi-major axis.

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Volume Coefficient of Ideal Gas

For an ideal gas, the volume coefficient α_v equals 1/T, showing temperature dependence.

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Average Power

Power calculated as work done over time, useful for finding efficiency in tasks like lifting.

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