Physics Principles and Laws
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates Newton's third law of motion?

  • A car accelerates when the driver presses the gas pedal.
  • A book rests on a table and remains at rest.
  • A ball rolling on a flat surface eventually comes to a stop.
  • A swimmer pushes against the wall of a pool and moves forward. (correct)

A closed system undergoes a process where it absorbs 500 J of heat and performs 200 J of work. According to the first law of thermodynamics, what is the change in internal energy of the system?

  • -300 J
  • -700 J
  • 300 J (correct)
  • 700 J

Two charged objects are separated by a distance r. If the distance between them is doubled, how does the electrostatic force between them change, according to Coulomb's law?

  • It doubles.
  • It is reduced to one-fourth. (correct)
  • It quadruples.
  • It halves.

Which phenomenon provides the best evidence for the wave nature of light?

<p>Diffraction of light passing through a narrow slit. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, what is the fundamental limit to the precision with which we can know certain pairs of physical properties?

<p>The precision of measuring position and momentum simultaneously. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of time dilation in special relativity?

<p>The slowing down of time for an object that is moving relative to an observer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of energy transfer primarily through convection?

<p>The circulation of warm air in a room heated by a radiator. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A guitar string vibrates at a fundamental frequency of 440 Hz. What happens to the wavelength of the sound wave produced if the frequency is doubled to 880 Hz, assuming the speed of sound remains constant?

<p>The wavelength is halved. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between special relativity and general relativity?

<p>Special relativity deals with the relationship between space and time for observers in uniform motion, while general relativity describes gravity as the curvature of spacetime caused by mass and energy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between energy (E), mass (m), and the speed of light (c) as described by Einstein's mass-energy equivalence?

<p>$E = mc^2$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mechanics

The study of motion and forces, a core area of physics.

Kinematics

Describes motion, focusing solely on displacement, velocity, and acceleration without considering forces.

Newton's First Law

The principle that an object stays at rest or in motion unless acted upon by a force.

Newton's Second Law

The law stating force equals mass times acceleration (F=ma).

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Work

Energy transferred by a force causing displacement.

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Power

The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.

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Thermodynamics

Deals with heat, work, and energy, and the relationships between them.

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First Law of Thermodynamics

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted.

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Temperature

The measure of the average kinetic energy of particles.

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Coulomb's Law

Describes the electrostatic force between charged objects.

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Study Notes

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Description

Test your understanding of fundamental physics principles, including Newton's laws, thermodynamics, Coulomb's law, wave nature of light, Heisenberg's principle, time dilation, and energy transfer. Explore key concepts and applications in various scenarios.

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