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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of mixing the hot gas stream with the cold gas stream in a turbofan engine?
What is the primary purpose of mixing the hot gas stream with the cold gas stream in a turbofan engine?
- To reduce noise pollution (correct)
- To improve engine efficiency
- To increase engine weight
- To increase thrust
What is the characteristic of the airflow in a low-bypass engine?
What is the characteristic of the airflow in a low-bypass engine?
- All air goes through the compressor
- Air is divided approximately into two halves between the fan and the compressor (correct)
- All air goes through the fan
- All air is exhausted through the hot exhaust nozzle
What is the relationship between pressure and velocity in a venturi according to Bernoulli's theorem?
What is the relationship between pressure and velocity in a venturi according to Bernoulli's theorem?
- Pressure remains constant with changing velocity
- Pressure is directly proportional to velocity
- Pressure has no relationship with velocity
- Pressure is inversely proportional to velocity (correct)
What is the term used to describe the air that passes through the core engine in a turbofan engine?
What is the term used to describe the air that passes through the core engine in a turbofan engine?
What is the sum of static pressure and dynamic pressure in a fluid flow?
What is the sum of static pressure and dynamic pressure in a fluid flow?
What is the characteristic of a fully ducted fan engine with a mixed exhaust?
What is the characteristic of a fully ducted fan engine with a mixed exhaust?
What is the significance of Bernoulli's theorem in jet engine operation?
What is the significance of Bernoulli's theorem in jet engine operation?
What is the typical fan ratio of a high-bypass engine?
What is the typical fan ratio of a high-bypass engine?
What is the purpose of a large-diameter fan in a high-bypass engine?
What is the purpose of a large-diameter fan in a high-bypass engine?
What type of ducts are used to demonstrate the variation in airspeed and pressure?
What type of ducts are used to demonstrate the variation in airspeed and pressure?
What are the two forms of energy that best describe the propulsive power of the jet engine?
What are the two forms of energy that best describe the propulsive power of the jet engine?
What is the total energy of a particle in motion according to Bernoulli's theorem?
What is the total energy of a particle in motion according to Bernoulli's theorem?
What is the unit of power in the given equation P = 11250 lb-ft/min?
What is the unit of power in the given equation P = 11250 lb-ft/min?
What is the difference between displacement and distance?
What is the difference between displacement and distance?
What is the main difference between velocity and speed?
What is the main difference between velocity and speed?
What would be required to accelerate a 1500-kg vehicle over 1/4 mi in 7 s?
What would be required to accelerate a 1500-kg vehicle over 1/4 mi in 7 s?
What is the unit of force in the given equation P = 2500 lb × t/2 min?
What is the unit of force in the given equation P = 2500 lb × t/2 min?
What is the relationship between distance and displacement when an object travels in a straight line?
What is the relationship between distance and displacement when an object travels in a straight line?
What is the source of potential energy in an aircraft in flight?
What is the source of potential energy in an aircraft in flight?
What happens to the kinetic energy of an aircraft when it lands?
What happens to the kinetic energy of an aircraft when it lands?
What is the formula for kinetic energy?
What is the formula for kinetic energy?
What is the law of conservation of energy?
What is the law of conservation of energy?
What is an example of kinetic energy?
What is an example of kinetic energy?
What is the thrust of the engine?
What is the thrust of the engine?
What is the primary function of the gas generator in a turboshaft engine?
What is the primary function of the gas generator in a turboshaft engine?
What type of turboshaft engine is more likely to be driven by a turbine of its own?
What type of turboshaft engine is more likely to be driven by a turbine of its own?
What is the primary application of turboshaft engines in industrial settings?
What is the primary application of turboshaft engines in industrial settings?
What is the primary purpose of turboshaft engines in aviation?
What is the primary purpose of turboshaft engines in aviation?
What is the name of the section that produces the required energy to drive the free turbine system in a turboshaft engine?
What is the name of the section that produces the required energy to drive the free turbine system in a turboshaft engine?
What type of aircraft system often uses turboshaft engines?
What type of aircraft system often uses turboshaft engines?
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Study Notes
Power and Energy
- Power (P) is calculated by multiplying force (F) and time (t): P = F × t
- Power can be calculated using the formula: P = 11250 lb-ft/min
- Hoisting a turbine engine requires significant power
Vectors and Scalars
- Displacement and distance are not always the same value
- Distance is a scalar quantity, measuring how far an object has traveled
- Displacement is a vector quantity, measuring how far an object is from its origin
Velocity and Speed
- Velocity is a vector quantity, including speed and direction
- Speed is a scalar quantity, with no direction associated
Bypass Ratios
- Low-bypass engines have a fan ratio of 1:1
- Medium-bypass engines have a fan ratio of 2:1 or 3:1
- High-bypass engines have a fan ratio of 4:1 to < 9:1
- Ultra-high-bypass engines have a fan ratio of > 9:1
Low Bypass Engines
- Airflow is divided approximately into two halves between the fan and the compressor
- Air discharged by the fan may be ducted overboard or passed down a duct
- The core engine air is compressed, combusted, and discharged out the hot exhaust nozzle
High Bypass Engines
- Require a large-diameter fan to achieve a fan ratio of 4:1 to < 9:1
- Use Bernoulli's theorem to increase velocity and decrease pressure
Bernoulli's Theorem
- States that the total energy of a particle in motion is constant at all points on its path
- In a venturi, pressure is inversely proportional to velocity
- If pressure increases, velocity decreases proportionally, and if pressure decreases, velocity increases proportionally
Potential and Kinetic Energy
- Energy is used to perform useful work, producing motion and heat
- Potential energy is stored energy due to position, such as water behind a dam or fuel
- Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by a body due to its motion
- The formula for kinetic energy is: Kinetic Energy = 1/2 × m × v^2
Conservation of Energy
- The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed
- The gas turbine engine is further broken down into four types: turboshaft, turbo-propeller, turbojet, and turbofan
Turboshaft Engines
- Deliver power through a shaft to operate something other than a propeller
- Have two major sections: the gas generator and free turbine sections
- The gas generator produces the required energy to drive the free turbine system
- These engines are widely used in industrial applications, such as electrical power-generating plants and surface transportation systems
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