Physics Overview

Branch of science concerned with the nature and properties of matter and energy.
Studies the fundamental forces of nature and the interactions between them.

Kinematics: Study of motion without considering forces. Key equations describe relationships between displacement, velocity, acceleration, and time.
Dynamics: Examines forces and their impact on motion. Newton's Laws of Motion are foundational:
- First Law (Inertia): An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by a force.
- Second Law (F=ma): Force equals mass times acceleration.
- Third Law (Action-Reaction): For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Study of heat, energy, and work.
Key laws:
- First Law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed (Conservation of Energy).
- Second Law: Entropy of an isolated system always increases; heat cannot spontaneously flow from cold to hot.

Interactions between electric charges and magnetic fields.
Key components:
- Electric Fields: Area around a charged particle where it exerts force on other charges.
- Magnetic Fields: Region around a magnet where magnetic forces can be felt.
Maxwell's Equations: Describe how electric and magnetic fields interact.

Waves: Disturbances that transfer energy through space/time.
- Types: Mechanical (sound), electromagnetic (light), and matter waves.
Optics: Study of light behavior, including reflection, refraction, and diffraction.

Governs the behavior of particles at atomic and subatomic levels.
Key principles:
- Wave-Particle Duality: Particles exhibit properties of both waves and particles.
- Uncertainty Principle: It is impossible to simultaneously know the exact position and momentum of a particle.

Special Relativity: Formulated by Einstein; focuses on observers moving at constant speeds.
- Key concepts: Time dilation and length contraction.
General Relativity: Describes gravity as the curvature of spacetime caused by mass.

Physics explores the nature and properties of matter and energy, focusing on fundamental forces and their interactions.

Kinematics: Analyzes motion without considering the forces involved, utilizing key equations linking displacement, velocity, acceleration, and time.
Dynamics: Investigates the relationship between forces and motion, foundationally supported by Newton's Laws:
- First Law (Inertia): An object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless influenced by an external force.
- Second Law (F=ma): The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
- Third Law (Action-Reaction): Each action force has an equal and opposite reaction force.

Explores the principles of heat, energy, and work.
First Law: States energy cannot be created or destroyed, embodying the conservation of energy principle.
Second Law: Indicates that the entropy, or disorder, of an isolated system always increases, and spontaneous heat transfer does not occur from cold to hot.

Examines how electric charges interact with magnetic fields.
Electric Fields: Surround charged particles, influencing other charges within the area.
Magnetic Fields: Regions around magnets where magnetic forces are exerted.
Maxwell's Equations: Four fundamental equations that frame the interdependency of electric and magnetic fields.

Waves: Defined as disturbances transferring energy through space and time, categorized into mechanical (e.g., sound), electromagnetic (e.g., light), and matter waves.
Optics: Investigates light's behavior, including phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and diffraction.

Governs the behaviors of particles at atomic and subatomic scales, introducing critical principles:
- Wave-Particle Duality: Particles can display characteristics of both waves and particles depending on observation.
- Uncertainty Principle: Asserts the impossibility of simultaneously knowing a particle's precise position and momentum.

Special Relativity: Developed by Einstein, focusing on objects moving at constant speeds, introducing concepts like time dilation and length contraction.
General Relativity: Describes gravity as the curvature of spacetime influenced by mass.

In Engineering, physics principles are utilized in the design and analysis of structures and machinery.
In Medicine, physics contributes to imaging technologies (e.g., MRI, X-rays) and various radiation therapies.
In Astronomy, physics helps in comprehending celestial occurrences and the overall structure of the universe.

Isaac Newton: Renowned for laws of motion and universal gravitation.
Albert Einstein: Best known for the theory of relativity and significant contributions to quantum theory.
Niels Bohr: Key figure in atomic structure theories and the development of quantum mechanics.

Master essential formulas and their practical applications thoroughly.
Practice solving problems regularly to reinforce understanding.
Connect physical concepts to real-world scenarios for improved retention and comprehension.