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According to Galileo, a rolling ball slows down because?
It experiences friction.
Foucault's pendulum demonstrates?
That Earth is rotating around its axis.
During the winter, the Sun's rays hit the ground at what angle?
At a small angle relative to the surface.
If the Sun had a mass half as large, how would the force of gravity between the Earth and the Sun change?
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Who collected the accurate orbital data on planetary motions?
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A star is 40° east of the March equinox. This means the star is at?
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Which book was the first to accurately describe how gravity works?
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An ellipse has?
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If the Earth had an orbital radius half as large, how would the force of gravity between the Earth and the Sun change?
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During the December solstice, in the northern hemisphere?
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Why were Galileo's books banned?
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I drop two objects in a vacuum. One has a mass of 1 kg and the other has a mass of 2 kg. What will happen?
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When the Earth is farthest from the Sun?
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What is the rate of change of position called?
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Where on Earth can a solar eclipse be seen from?
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During the winter, the Sun is?
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The gravity on the surface of Mars is about 1/3 of the gravity on the surface of Earth. This means?
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The Tropic of Cancer is at a latitude of approximately?
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Planet A has an orbital period of 100 Earth days. Planet B has an orbital period of 200 Earth days. Which planet is closer to the Sun?
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Which of the following aspects of Copernicus's heliocentric model was correct?
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If I halve the velocity of an object, its momentum will be?
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Galileo's discoveries which supported the Copernican model included?
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Why can't we feel the Earth moving?
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An object in the Oort cloud?
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Which of the following is always conserved?
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What is the difference between mass and weight?
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Which book was the first to describe a heliocentric model?
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If the Earth had an orbital radius twice as large, how would the force of gravity between the Earth and the Sun change?
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A star is 40° east of the March equinox. This means the star is at?
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Study Notes
Galileo and the Motion of a Rolling Ball
- A rolling ball slows down due to friction
The Earth's Rotation and Foucault's Pendulum
- Foucault's pendulum demonstrates the Earth's rotation around its axis.
The Sun's Rays and Winter
- The Sun's rays hit the ground at a smaller angle during winter resulting in colder temperatures.
- The Sun appears lower in the sky during winter.
The Force of Gravity and Mass
- Doubling the mass of the Sun doubles the force of gravity between the Earth and the Sun.
- Halving the mass of the Sun halves the force of gravity between the Earth and the Sun.
The Earth's Orbital Radius and Gravity
- Doubling the Earth's orbital radius decreases the force of gravity between the Earth and the Sun by a factor of four.
- Halving the Earth's orbital radius increases the force of gravity between the Earth and the Sun by a factor of four.
Tycho Brahe and Planetary Motion
- Tycho Brahe collected accurate orbital data on planetary motions.
The Celestial Sphere and Right Ascension
- Right ascension is measured in degrees east of the vernal equinox.
Isaac Newton and the Laws of Gravity
- Newton's book, Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, accurately describes the laws of gravity.
Ellipses and Focal Points
- An ellipse has two focal points
The December Solstice in the Northern Hemisphere
- The December solstice marks the shortest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.
Galileo's Scientific Discoveries
- Galileo's books were banned by the Catholic Church because his discoveries were perceived as a threat to their authority.
Objects in a Vacuum
- Objects of different masses fall at the same rate in a vacuum, meaning they reach the ground simultaneously.
The Earth's Orbital Speed and Position
- The Earth moves slowest when it's farthest from the Sun.
Velocity and Position
- Velocity is the rate of change of position.
Lunar Eclipses and Visibility
- A solar eclipse can only be seen from within the Moon's shadow.
Gravity on Mars
- Gravitational force on Mars is about one third of the gravitational force on Earth. This means you would weigh less on Mars than on Earth
The Tropic of Cancer
- The Tropic of Cancer is located at approximately 23° North latitude.
Planetary Orbits and Distance from the Sun
- The planet with a shorter orbital period is closer to the Sun.
Copernicus's Heliocentric Model
- Copernicus's model was correct in assuming the planets orbit the sun.
Momentum and Velocity
- Halving the velocity of an object halves its momentum.
Galileo's Support for Copernicus
- Galileo's discoveries, like the moons of Jupiter and the phases of Venus, provided evidence supporting Copernicus's heliocentric model.
Earth's Constant Speed
- We cannot feel the Earth's movement because it moves at a constant speed, and we only feel acceleration.
Gravitational Force and Distance
- Objects located farther from the Sun, like in the Oort cloud, experience less gravity than objects closer to the Sun, like in the Kuiper belt.
Conservation of Momentum
- Momentum is always conserved.
- Conservation of Momentum is one of the most fundamental and important physical laws
Mass and Weight
- Mass is the amount of matter in an object while weight is the gravitational force acting on the object.
- Mass always stays the same, but weight can change, depending on the gravitational force.
Copernicus's Heliocentric Model
- Copernicus's book, On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres, first described a heliocentric model.
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Description
Explore fascinating concepts in physics, including the motion of rolling balls, the Earth's rotation demonstrated by Foucault's pendulum, and the relationship between gravity and mass. This quiz covers key themes in celestial mechanics and environmental influences on temperature. Test your knowledge of fundamental physics principles!
