Physics: Newton and Gravitation
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Questions and Answers

What discovery led Sir Isaac Newton to formulate the law of gravitation?

  • Analyzing the orbits of planets
  • Watching an apple fall from a tree (correct)
  • Observing how apples grow on trees
  • Studying the movement of the stars
  • What does the gravitational force act on between two objects?

  • With equal strength regardless of distance
  • Only if they are in contact
  • Regardless of their distance in the universe (correct)
  • Only on objects near the Earth's surface
  • Why does an apple fall vertically downward instead of at an angle?

  • Because of wind direction
  • Due to the horizontal velocity
  • Due to the apple's own weight
  • Because the Earth attracts it towards itself (correct)
  • What is a consequence of a force acting on an object?

    <p>It alters the speed or direction of the object's motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Newton's universal law of gravitation apply to distances?

    <p>It applies regardless of the distance between objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the gravitational force between the Earth and the Moon demonstrate?

    <p>Gravity acts between two large objects in space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key question did Newton ponder regarding the force of gravitation?

    <p>If gravity also acts at greater distances, like with planets?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary to change the motion of an object according to the concept of force and motion?

    <p>A force acting on the object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Newton's Discovery of Gravitation

    • Sir Isaac Newton discovered the force of gravitation.
    • He observed an apple falling vertically from a tree and wondered why it fell downwards and not sideways or upwards.
    • This led him to conclude that Earth must be attracting the apple towards itself.
    • The direction of this force is towards the center of Earth, which is why the apple falls vertically downwards.
    • Newton further wondered if this force acts on objects at greater heights like the moon and other planets in the solar system.

    Force and Motion

    • A force is required to change the speed or direction of motion of an object.
    • Newton's laws of motion explain the relationship between force and motion.

    Kepler's Laws

    • Kepler's laws describe the motion of planets around the Sun.

    Circular Motion & Centripetal Force

    • Circular motion occurs when an object moves in a circular path.
    • Centripetal force is the force that acts towards the center of the circular path, keeping the object moving in a circle.

    Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation

    • Newton's universal law of gravitation states that every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.

    Acceleration Due to Gravity

    • The acceleration due to gravity is the acceleration of an object caused by the gravitational force of Earth.
    • It is denoted by 'g' and is approximately equal to 9.8 m/s².

    Free Fall

    • Free fall is any motion of an object where the only force acting upon it is gravity.
    • Objects in free fall experience constant acceleration due to gravity.

    Escape Velocity

    • Escape velocity is the minimum speed needed for an object to escape the gravitational pull of a planet or other celestial body.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on Sir Isaac Newton's groundbreaking discovery of gravitation and its implications for motion. It covers Newton's laws, Kepler's laws, and the concepts of circular motion and centripetal force. Test your understanding of these fundamental physics principles!

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