Physics Motion: Acceleration and Velocity-time Graphs

The tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion.

An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

A force that causes an object to accelerate.

Force is equal to mass times acceleration (F=ma). Greater mass = more force needed to accelerate.

The rate of change of velocity.

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

The initial force that starts the action.

The force that responds to the initial action.

Any influence that causes or changes motion.

Forces that cancel each other out, resulting in no change in motion.

The measure of an object's motion, considering its mass and velocity.

The impact of a passenger inside a car with the interior after the initial collision. Often occurs with the steering wheel, dashboard, or windshield.

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

The energy of motion - an object's ability to do work due to its movement.

Energy stored due to an object's position relative to the Earth's surface. The higher the object, the more potential energy.

There are two main factors: mass and velocity. Objects with more mass or higher velocity have more momentum.

The formula is: p = m x v, where 'p' is momentum, 'm' is mass, and 'v' is velocity.

The force applied over a certain time interval. It's how we change an object's momentum.

To bring an object to rest, we need to reduce its momentum to zero. This can be done by applying a force.

The formula is: I = F x Δt, where 'I' is impulse, 'F' is force, and 'Δt' is the time interval.

Collisions happen when two objects rapidly interact. During collisions, impulses are applied over very short times causing large forces.

Devices like airbags and seatbelts are designed to increase the time interval of an impulse, reducing the force applied during a collision.

Many everyday activities involve momentum and impulse. Examples include kicking a ball, hitting a nail with a hammer, or throwing a ball.

Impulse is directly proportional to the force applied and the duration of the force. The larger the force, the larger the impulse, or the longer the time the force is applied, the larger the impulse.

An object moving in a straight line at a steady speed. There is no change in velocity.

Occurs when either the object's speed, direction, or both change.

Decreases the acceleration. This means the object will slow down more gradually.

Increases the acceleration. This means the object will slow down more rapidly.

Represents the average acceleration of the object.

The object is speeding up in the forward direction. The slope of the velocity-time graph is positive.

The object is slowing down in the forward direction or speeding up in the backward direction. The slope of the velocity-time graph is negative.