Physics Motion: Acceleration and Velocity-time Graphs
33 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What happens to passengers' momentum when a car abruptly stops?

  • They continue moving forward with the same momentum the car had. (correct)
  • They are thrown sideways.
  • They immediately come to a stop.
  • Their momentum increases.

    • The law of conservation of energy states that energy can be created or destroyed.

    False (B)

    Name one safety device used to mitigate second collisions in cars.

    Airbags

    In a vehicle collision, energy is transferred from the car to the ________.

    <p>pavement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of energy with its description:

    <p>Kinetic energy = The energy of motion Potential energy = The energy of position Heat energy = Energy of molecules in motion Sound energy = The disturbance of molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as the rate of change of an object’s velocity over time?

    <p>Acceleration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An object traveling with a positive slope on a velocity-time graph is experiencing negative acceleration.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the acceleration if the stopping time of an object is increased?

    <p>The acceleration decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a vacuum, all objects fall at the same speed regardless of their __________.

    <p>mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed that bodies in motion will continue in motion unless acted upon by a force?

    <p>Galileo Galilei (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the scientists with their respective theories:

    <p>Aristotle = Falling bodies fall faster if heavier Galileo = A body in motion continues in motion unless acted upon Newton = Acceleration is caused by an imbalance of forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Newton emphasized that an object requires a continuous application of force to maintain motion.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The equation for acceleration is expressed as a = Δv / Δt, where Δv represents __________.

    <p>change in velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two factors determine the momentum of an object?

    <p>Mass and velocity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Impulse is defined as mass multiplied by velocity.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done to bring the momentum of a moving object to zero?

    <p>A force must be applied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The formula for momentum is p (with a hat) = _____ x _____ (with a hat).

    <p>m, v</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms with their correct definitions:

    <p>Momentum = The amount of motion in an object Impulse = Force applied over an interval of time Velocity = The speed of something in a given direction Mass = The quantity of matter in an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to an object's momentum when its velocity increases?

    <p>It increases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A tiny bullet can have a greater momentum than a large truck if it travels fast enough.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give an example of a device that uses the impulse-momentum relationship to decrease applied force in a car.

    <p>Airbags or seat belts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The SI unit for impulse is _____ or just _____ (abbreviation).

    <p>NxS, NS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during a collision that affects the occupants of a vehicle?

    <p>Impulse is applied for a short amount of time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenomenon called that describes an object's tendency to resist changes in motion?

    <p>Inertia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For an object to remain at rest, the forces acting on it must be unbalanced.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula associated with Newton's second law of motion?

    <p>F = m x a</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The total force acting on an object can be calculated using the formula: Net force = Force A + Force ______.

    <p>Force B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following laws of motion with their descriptions:

    <p>First Law = An object at rest remains at rest unless acted upon. Second Law = Acceleration produced by a force acting on a mass. Third Law = For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to forces acting in opposite directions?

    <p>They cancel each other out. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a vacuum, objects fall at different rates depending on their mass.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of force in the International System of Units (SI)?

    <p>Newton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Newton’s first law is also referred to as the law of ______.

    <p>inertia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the first law of motion?

    <p>An object in motion tends to remain in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Inertia

    The tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion.

    Newton's First Law

    An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

    Unbalanced Force

    A force that causes an object to accelerate.

    Newton's Second Law

    Force is equal to mass times acceleration (F=ma). Greater mass = more force needed to accelerate.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Acceleration

    The rate of change of velocity.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Newton's Third Law

    For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Action Force

    The initial force that starts the action.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Reaction Force

    The force that responds to the initial action.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Force

    Any influence that causes or changes motion.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Balanced Forces

    Forces that cancel each other out, resulting in no change in motion.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Momentum

    The measure of an object's motion, considering its mass and velocity.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Second Collision

    The impact of a passenger inside a car with the interior after the initial collision. Often occurs with the steering wheel, dashboard, or windshield.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Conservation of Energy

    Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Kinetic Energy

    The energy of motion - an object's ability to do work due to its movement.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Potential Energy

    Energy stored due to an object's position relative to the Earth's surface. The higher the object, the more potential energy.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What affects momentum?

    There are two main factors: mass and velocity. Objects with more mass or higher velocity have more momentum.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Momentum Formula

    The formula is: p = m x v, where 'p' is momentum, 'm' is mass, and 'v' is velocity.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Impulse

    The force applied over a certain time interval. It's how we change an object's momentum.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Reducing Momentum

    To bring an object to rest, we need to reduce its momentum to zero. This can be done by applying a force.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Impulse Formula

    The formula is: I = F x Δt, where 'I' is impulse, 'F' is force, and 'Δt' is the time interval.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Impulse and Collisions

    Collisions happen when two objects rapidly interact. During collisions, impulses are applied over very short times causing large forces.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Safety Features

    Devices like airbags and seatbelts are designed to increase the time interval of an impulse, reducing the force applied during a collision.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Momentum in Real Life

    Many everyday activities involve momentum and impulse. Examples include kicking a ball, hitting a nail with a hammer, or throwing a ball.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Impulse and Force Relationship

    Impulse is directly proportional to the force applied and the duration of the force. The larger the force, the larger the impulse, or the longer the time the force is applied, the larger the impulse.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Constant Velocity

    An object moving in a straight line at a steady speed. There is no change in velocity.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Change in Velocity

    Occurs when either the object's speed, direction, or both change.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Increasing Stopping Time

    Decreases the acceleration. This means the object will slow down more gradually.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Decreasing Stopping Time

    Increases the acceleration. This means the object will slow down more rapidly.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Slope on a Velocity-Time Graph

    Represents the average acceleration of the object.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Positive Acceleration

    The object is speeding up in the forward direction. The slope of the velocity-time graph is positive.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Negative Acceleration

    The object is slowing down in the forward direction or speeding up in the backward direction. The slope of the velocity-time graph is negative.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    Acceleration and Velocity-time Graphs

    • Velocity is displacement over time interval
    • Acceleration is change in velocity over time interval (m/s²)
    • Constant velocity means uniform motion in a straight line
    • Changing velocity means changing speed or direction, or both
    • Increasing stopping time decreases acceleration; decreasing stopping time increases acceleration
    • Slope of velocity-time graph = average acceleration
    • Positive slope = positive acceleration (forward direction)
    • Zero slope = zero acceleration (constant velocity)
    • Negative slope = negative acceleration (decreasing forward velocity or increasing backward)
    • Acceleration equation: a = change in velocity / time interval

    Aristotle, Galileo, and Newton's Views on Motion

    • Aristotle: Falling bodies fall at a constant speed; heavier bodies fall faster; natural motion towards Earth's center
    • Galileo: Disagreed with Aristotle; objects in motion continue moving at constant velocity unless acted on by a force; all objects fall at the same rate in a vacuum; friction slows objects
    • Newton: described acceleration as an imbalance of forces; his first law of motion (inertia) states that objects in motion stay in motion with the same velocity unless acted on by unbalanced forces; all moving objects have momentum (mass x velocity )

    Newton's Laws

    • First Law (Inertia): An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion with the same velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
    • Second Law: Force = mass x acceleration (F = ma)
    • Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

    Momentum and Impulse

    • Momentum = mass x velocity
    • Greater momentum means a greater difficulty in altering an object's motion
    • Impulse = force x time interval
    • Impulse changes momentum
    • Momentum in collisions can't be created or destroyed; momentum of one object is transferred

    Conservation of Energy

    • Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
    • Examples of energy transformations in a collision: kinetic energy to heat, sound, and other forms.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Science Quiz Unit 3 PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating concepts of acceleration and velocity through interactive questions about motion. This quiz covers fundamental principles, key equations, and historical perspectives from Aristotle, Galileo, and Newton. Test your understanding of how these ideas shape our comprehension of movement in physics.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser