Physics Motion: Acceleration and Velocity-time Graphs
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Questions and Answers

What happens to passengers' momentum when a car abruptly stops?

  • They continue moving forward with the same momentum the car had. (correct)
  • They are thrown sideways.
  • They immediately come to a stop.
  • Their momentum increases.

    • The law of conservation of energy states that energy can be created or destroyed.

    False

    Name one safety device used to mitigate second collisions in cars.

    Airbags

    In a vehicle collision, energy is transferred from the car to the ________.

    <p>pavement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of energy with its description:

    <p>Kinetic energy = The energy of motion Potential energy = The energy of position Heat energy = Energy of molecules in motion Sound energy = The disturbance of molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as the rate of change of an object’s velocity over time?

    <p>Acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An object traveling with a positive slope on a velocity-time graph is experiencing negative acceleration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the acceleration if the stopping time of an object is increased?

    <p>The acceleration decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a vacuum, all objects fall at the same speed regardless of their __________.

    <p>mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed that bodies in motion will continue in motion unless acted upon by a force?

    <p>Galileo Galilei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the scientists with their respective theories:

    <p>Aristotle = Falling bodies fall faster if heavier Galileo = A body in motion continues in motion unless acted upon Newton = Acceleration is caused by an imbalance of forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Newton emphasized that an object requires a continuous application of force to maintain motion.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The equation for acceleration is expressed as a = Δv / Δt, where Δv represents __________.

    <p>change in velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two factors determine the momentum of an object?

    <p>Mass and velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Impulse is defined as mass multiplied by velocity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done to bring the momentum of a moving object to zero?

    <p>A force must be applied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The formula for momentum is p (with a hat) = _____ x _____ (with a hat).

    <p>m, v</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms with their correct definitions:

    <p>Momentum = The amount of motion in an object Impulse = Force applied over an interval of time Velocity = The speed of something in a given direction Mass = The quantity of matter in an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to an object's momentum when its velocity increases?

    <p>It increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A tiny bullet can have a greater momentum than a large truck if it travels fast enough.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give an example of a device that uses the impulse-momentum relationship to decrease applied force in a car.

    <p>Airbags or seat belts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The SI unit for impulse is _____ or just _____ (abbreviation).

    <p>NxS, NS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during a collision that affects the occupants of a vehicle?

    <p>Impulse is applied for a short amount of time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenomenon called that describes an object's tendency to resist changes in motion?

    <p>Inertia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For an object to remain at rest, the forces acting on it must be unbalanced.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula associated with Newton's second law of motion?

    <p>F = m x a</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The total force acting on an object can be calculated using the formula: Net force = Force A + Force ______.

    <p>Force B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following laws of motion with their descriptions:

    <p>First Law = An object at rest remains at rest unless acted upon. Second Law = Acceleration produced by a force acting on a mass. Third Law = For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to forces acting in opposite directions?

    <p>They cancel each other out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a vacuum, objects fall at different rates depending on their mass.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of force in the International System of Units (SI)?

    <p>Newton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Newton’s first law is also referred to as the law of ______.

    <p>inertia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the first law of motion?

    <p>An object in motion tends to remain in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acceleration and Velocity-time Graphs

    • Velocity is displacement over time interval
    • Acceleration is change in velocity over time interval (m/s²)
    • Constant velocity means uniform motion in a straight line
    • Changing velocity means changing speed or direction, or both
    • Increasing stopping time decreases acceleration; decreasing stopping time increases acceleration
    • Slope of velocity-time graph = average acceleration
    • Positive slope = positive acceleration (forward direction)
    • Zero slope = zero acceleration (constant velocity)
    • Negative slope = negative acceleration (decreasing forward velocity or increasing backward)
    • Acceleration equation: a = change in velocity / time interval

    Aristotle, Galileo, and Newton's Views on Motion

    • Aristotle: Falling bodies fall at a constant speed; heavier bodies fall faster; natural motion towards Earth's center
    • Galileo: Disagreed with Aristotle; objects in motion continue moving at constant velocity unless acted on by a force; all objects fall at the same rate in a vacuum; friction slows objects
    • Newton: described acceleration as an imbalance of forces; his first law of motion (inertia) states that objects in motion stay in motion with the same velocity unless acted on by unbalanced forces; all moving objects have momentum (mass x velocity )

    Newton's Laws

    • First Law (Inertia): An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion with the same velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
    • Second Law: Force = mass x acceleration (F = ma)
    • Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

    Momentum and Impulse

    • Momentum = mass x velocity
    • Greater momentum means a greater difficulty in altering an object's motion
    • Impulse = force x time interval
    • Impulse changes momentum
    • Momentum in collisions can't be created or destroyed; momentum of one object is transferred

    Conservation of Energy

    • Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
    • Examples of energy transformations in a collision: kinetic energy to heat, sound, and other forms.

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    Science Quiz Unit 3 PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating concepts of acceleration and velocity through interactive questions about motion. This quiz covers fundamental principles, key equations, and historical perspectives from Aristotle, Galileo, and Newton. Test your understanding of how these ideas shape our comprehension of movement in physics.

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