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Questions and Answers
What is the term used to describe the distance between screw threads?
What is the term used to describe the distance between screw threads?
- Circumference
- Pitch (correct)
- Diameter
- Radius
In mechanical systems, what is calculated by dividing the circumference of the effort arm by the pitch?
In mechanical systems, what is calculated by dividing the circumference of the effort arm by the pitch?
- Energy efficiency
- Work done
- Mechanical advantage (correct)
- Frictional force
What is the efficiency of a machine that moves 0.5 m with an applied force of 12 N and carries a weight of 28 N over a 0.2 m distance?
What is the efficiency of a machine that moves 0.5 m with an applied force of 12 N and carries a weight of 28 N over a 0.2 m distance?
- 100%
- 64%
- 86% (correct)
- 75%
According to the Law of Conservation of Energy, what happens to the total input energy in a machine?
According to the Law of Conservation of Energy, what happens to the total input energy in a machine?
Which of the following is a factor that contributes to the efficiency of real machines being less than 100%?
Which of the following is a factor that contributes to the efficiency of real machines being less than 100%?
What does the efficiency value of 93% indicate in a machine's operation?
What does the efficiency value of 93% indicate in a machine's operation?
In calculating mechanical advantage, what value is found by multiplying the applied force by the distance it travels?
In calculating mechanical advantage, what value is found by multiplying the applied force by the distance it travels?
What happens to some of the input energy in real machines due to factors like friction and heat?
What happens to some of the input energy in real machines due to factors like friction and heat?
When calculating efficiency, why might a machine have an efficiency value lower than 100%?
When calculating efficiency, why might a machine have an efficiency value lower than 100%?
If a machine has a mechanical advantage of 4 and an efficiency of 80%, what is the ratio of the output work to the input work?
If a machine has a mechanical advantage of 4 and an efficiency of 80%, what is the ratio of the output work to the input work?
A lever is used to lift a 500 N load with an effort force of 100 N. If the distance moved by the effort is 2 m, what is the distance moved by the load, assuming an efficiency of 90%?
A lever is used to lift a 500 N load with an effort force of 100 N. If the distance moved by the effort is 2 m, what is the distance moved by the load, assuming an efficiency of 90%?
A machine has an input force of 20 N and an output force of 100 N. If the input distance is 2 m, what is the output distance for an ideal machine with 100% efficiency?
A machine has an input force of 20 N and an output force of 100 N. If the input distance is 2 m, what is the output distance for an ideal machine with 100% efficiency?
A pulley system has a mechanical advantage of 6 and an efficiency of 75%. If an input force of 50 N is applied, what is the maximum output force that can be achieved?
A pulley system has a mechanical advantage of 6 and an efficiency of 75%. If an input force of 50 N is applied, what is the maximum output force that can be achieved?
A machine has an input force of 100 N and an output force of 500 N. If the input distance is 2 m and the output distance is 0.4 m, what is the efficiency of the machine?
A machine has an input force of 100 N and an output force of 500 N. If the input distance is 2 m and the output distance is 0.4 m, what is the efficiency of the machine?
A machine has an input force of 50 N and an output force of 200 N. If the input distance is 1 m and the efficiency is 80%, what is the output distance?
A machine has an input force of 50 N and an output force of 200 N. If the input distance is 1 m and the efficiency is 80%, what is the output distance?
A machine has an input force of 80 N and an output force of 320 N. If the input distance is 2 m and the output distance is 0.5 m, what is the mechanical advantage of the machine?
A machine has an input force of 80 N and an output force of 320 N. If the input distance is 2 m and the output distance is 0.5 m, what is the mechanical advantage of the machine?
A machine has an input force of 100 N and an output force of 500 N. If the input distance is 2 m and the efficiency is 90%, what is the output distance?
A machine has an input force of 100 N and an output force of 500 N. If the input distance is 2 m and the efficiency is 90%, what is the output distance?
A machine has an input force of 60 N and an output force of 180 N. If the input distance is 1.5 m and the efficiency is 75%, what is the output distance?
A machine has an input force of 60 N and an output force of 180 N. If the input distance is 1.5 m and the efficiency is 75%, what is the output distance?
A machine has an input force of 80 N and an output force of 400 N. If the input distance is 2 m and the output distance is 0.4 m, what is the mechanical advantage of the machine?
A machine has an input force of 80 N and an output force of 400 N. If the input distance is 2 m and the output distance is 0.4 m, what is the mechanical advantage of the machine?
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Study Notes
Mechanical Advantage and Efficiency
- Mechanical advantage (MA) is the ratio of output force (F​o​) to input force (F​i​), representing the trade-off between force and distance.
Simple Machines
- Simple machines, such as levers, pulleys, wheel and axle, wedges, screws, and inclined planes, make work easier by altering the amount, speed, or direction of forces.
Mechanical Advantage Calculation
- Mechanical advantage (MA) can be calculated by dividing the output force (F​o​) by the input force (F​i​), MA = F​o​ / F​i​.
Efficiency
- Efficiency (ε) denotes the conversion of input work into useful output work, calculated as the ratio of output work (W​o​) to input work (W​i​) times 100, ε = (W​o​ / W​i​) × 100.
Sample Problems
- To find the mechanical advantage of a bicycle, divide the output force (F​o​) by the input force (F​i​), MA = F​o​ / F​i​.
- To find the radius of a handle, use the formula MA = 8, given the diameter of the shaft is 1 cm.
Types of Simple Machines
- Inclined planes have the same mechanical advantage.
- Wedges have a mechanical advantage greater than 1, applying more force to the object than the person applies to the wedge (F​o​ > F​i​).
Sample Problem: Calculating Efficiency
- Calculate the efficiency of a lever moving 0.5 m as an applied force of 12 N is exerted on its effort arm, carrying a weight of 28 N reclining on the resistance arm in a distance of 0.2 m.
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