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Questions and Answers
Which type of resistor allows for a change in resistance?
Which type of resistor allows for a change in resistance?
A concave lens can create only real images.
A concave lens can create only real images.
False
What is one primary function of an inductor?
What is one primary function of an inductor?
To store energy in a magnetic field
The principle of a capacitor involves storing charge on its ______.
The principle of a capacitor involves storing charge on its ______.
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Match the following components with their primary function:
Match the following components with their primary function:
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Which type of mirror forms virtual images that appear smaller than the actual object?
Which type of mirror forms virtual images that appear smaller than the actual object?
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Insulated wires prevent short-circuiting of electrical current.
Insulated wires prevent short-circuiting of electrical current.
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What type of lens is used in overhead projectors?
What type of lens is used in overhead projectors?
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A ______ lens diverges light beams and can produce a virtual upright image.
A ______ lens diverges light beams and can produce a virtual upright image.
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What is the primary purpose of a voltmeter in an electrical circuit?
What is the primary purpose of a voltmeter in an electrical circuit?
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Ammeters are connected in parallel to measure current.
Ammeters are connected in parallel to measure current.
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What is the primary principle on which a potentiometer operates?
What is the primary principle on which a potentiometer operates?
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What principle does a meter scale operate on?
What principle does a meter scale operate on?
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A device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy is called a ______.
A device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy is called a ______.
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A Galvanometer can measure large electric currents.
A Galvanometer can measure large electric currents.
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What two parameters are used in a screw gauge measurement?
What two parameters are used in a screw gauge measurement?
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Match the following devices with their primary functions:
Match the following devices with their primary functions:
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What is one property of standard resistances?
What is one property of standard resistances?
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The _____ is used to provide a range of known resistances for experiments.
The _____ is used to provide a range of known resistances for experiments.
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Match the following devices with their primary use:
Match the following devices with their primary use:
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The main purpose of a power supply is to supply electrical power to a load.
The main purpose of a power supply is to supply electrical power to a load.
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What is the principle behind the operation of a meter bridge?
What is the principle behind the operation of a meter bridge?
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Which electrochemical cell generates electricity through chemical reactions?
Which electrochemical cell generates electricity through chemical reactions?
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A diode can allow current to flow in both directions.
A diode can allow current to flow in both directions.
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What principle does a rheostat operate on?
What principle does a rheostat operate on?
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Study Notes
Meter Bridge
- A meter bridge, also known as a slide-wire bridge, utilizes the principle of the Wheatstone bridge for measuring the unknown resistance of a conductor.
- The bridge has high resistance on one end and low resistance on the other.
Screw Gauge
- Employed to measure small lengths or thicknesses with precision.
- Operates on the principle of measuring the pitch of a screw to determine minute distances.
- Two main parameters used for screw gauge measurements are pitch and least count.
- It is a mechanical tool designed for accurately measuring the diameter, radius, or thickness of thin wires or metal sheets.
Galvanometer
- Used for detecting and measuring small electric currents.
- Works on the principle of torque acting on a current-carrying coil within a magnetic field.
- The torque is directly proportional to the magnitude of the electric current flowing through the coil.
Resistance Box
- Provides a range of known resistances for experimental purposes.
- Contains resistors of known values that can be connected in various combinations.
- The box containing these resistors is used for estimating and comparing resistance values.
Potentiometer
- Measures electromotive force (emf) or potential difference with accuracy.
- Compares the potential difference across a standard resistor to the potential difference across an unknown resistor.
- It is a manually adjustable variable resistor with three terminals.
Leclanché Cell
- A type of electrochemical cell serving as a source of electrical energy.
- Generates electricity through chemical reactions.
- The zinc particles on the anode surface oxidize, leaving electrons on the anode surface.
- This results in the anode being negatively charged compared to the cathode.
Rheostat
- Used to adjust resistance in a circuit.
- Operates by varying the length of a resistor wire to change the resistance.
- Its principle is based on Ohm's Law.
Diode
- Allows current to flow in one direction only.
- Works based on semiconductor physics, permitting current flow when forward-biased and blocking it when reverse-biased.
- A diode is a two-terminal electronic device that conducts electricity mainly in one direction.
Meter Scale
- Used for measuring length or distance.
- Operates based on the principle of linear measurement.
- A meter scale is one meter long and divided into 100 equal parts, each part representing one centimeter.
- Each centimeter is further divided into ten equal parts, each representing one millimeter.
Voltmeter
- Used to measure voltage and current in an electrical circuit.
- Connected in parallel to measure voltage, while ammeters are connected in series to measure current.
- It operates on the basis of Ohm's Law.
Ammeters
- Measure electrical current in a circuit.
- Connected in series and have low resistance to minimize interference with the circuit.
- The principle of operation involves converting the current passing through the meter into a proportional deflection of a needle or a digital readout, allowing users to accurately measure the current flow.
Battery/Power Supply
- Supplies electrical energy to the circuit.
- Converts chemical energy (in batteries) or other forms of energy (in power supplies) into electrical energy.
- A power supply is an electrical device that converts electrical current from a source to the appropriate voltage, current, and frequency for powering the load.
- It also converts the output from an AC power line to a steady DC output or multiple outputs.
Standard Resistances
- Used as reference resistors with known resistance values.
- Their resistance values are precisely calibrated and known.
- The properties of standard resistance include:
- It's value should not change with time.
- It should show negligible variation in resistance with temperature.
- It should have proper capacity for carrying current without overheating.
Resistor
- Limits the flow of electric current.
- Converts electrical energy into heat following Ohm’s Law (V = IR).
- There are four types of resistors:
- Linear resistors
- Fixed resistors
- Variable resistors
- Non-linear resistors
Capacitors
- Stores electrical energy temporarily.
- Stores charge on its plates, creating an electric field between them.
- Operates on the principle that the capacitance of a conductor increases significantly when an earthed conductor is brought near it.
Inductors
- Stores energy in a magnetic field when current flows through them.
- Resist changes in current flow by storing energy in a magnetic field.
- An inductor is a two-terminal electrical component that stores energy in a magnetic field when electric current flows through it.
- It develops electromotive force in the direction that reduces fluctuation when a fluctuating current flows, storing electric energy as magnetic energy.
Convex Lens
- Converges rays of light that are parallel to its principal axis.
- Thicker at the centre and thinner at the edges.
- Used in overhead projectors, cameras, focusing sunlight, simple telescopes, projectors, microscopes, magnifying glasses, etc.
Concave Lens
- Diverges a straight light beam from the source to a diminished, upright, and virtual image.
- Has at least one surface curved inward.
- Used in spyholes, glasses, some telescopes, etc.
Convex Mirror
- A curved mirror where the reflective surface bulges outward towards the light source.
- Always forms images that are upright, virtual, and smaller than the actual object.
- Used in magnifying glasses, sunglasses, rearview mirrors in vehicles, ATMs, street lights, etc.
Concave Mirror
- A curved mirror where the reflecting surface is on the inner side of the curved surface.
- It converges or focuses light at a point.
- The image form is real and diminished in size when the object is very far from the concave mirror.
Insulated Wire
- Carries electrical current without short-circuiting.
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Description
Test your knowledge on various physics measurement instruments, including the meter bridge, screw gauge, galvanometer, and resistance box. This quiz will cover principles, uses, and characteristics of these essential tools in experimental physics.
