Physics Lesson 1: Electric Charge and Fields

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Questions and Answers

What does conservation of electric charge state?

  • The total charge decreases over time.
  • Charge can be created or destroyed.
  • The total charge can vary with physical processes.
  • The total charge in the universe is constant. (correct)

What is the key difference between conductors and insulators?

  • Conductors allow charges to remain stationary while insulators permit movement.
  • Insulators provide better conductivity than conductors.
  • Conductors prevent any electric flow while insulators allow it.
  • Conductors allow charges to move freely while insulators do not. (correct)

Which of the following best describes a superconductor?

  • Material that offers infinite conductivity at a critical temperature. (correct)
  • Material that acts as an insulator in all conditions.
  • Material that behaves like a conductor or an insulator based on conditions.
  • Material that can conduct electricity at high temperatures.

What is the formula that represents Coulomb's Law?

<p>$F = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2}$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the strength of an electric field relate to the field lines?

<p>More field lines and closer lines indicate a stronger electric field. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes charge?

<p>Charge is quantized and is always an integer multiple of the charge of an electron or proton. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given two point charges, if one has a charge of 4.0μC and the other -2.0μC, what is the nature of the force acting between them?

<p>Attractive force because one charge is negative. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a semiconductor?

<p>Material that can function as either a conductor or an insulator based on conditions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Coulomb's Law

The force of attraction or repulsion between two charged objects. This force is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Electric Charge

A fundamental property of matter that can be positive or negative. Objects with the same sign of charge repel each other, while objects with opposite signs attract.

Electric Field

A region of space where an electric charge would experience a force.

Electric Flux

The amount of electric field lines passing through a given area. It is a measure of the strength of the electric field.

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Conductor

A material that allows electric charge to flow freely through it. Examples: metals, copper wire.

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Insulator

A material that resists the flow of electric charge. Examples: rubber, glass, plastic.

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Semiconductor

A material that can act as both a conductor and an insulator depending on conditions. Examples: silicon, germanium.

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Superconductor

A material that has no resistance to the flow of electric charge and therefore allows current to flow with no energy loss. Examples: certain specialized materials at very low temperatures.

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Study Notes

Disclaimer

  • The presentation, including examples, images, and references, is for informational purposes only
  • Credits are to be given to the open-source images used
  • The presentation will not be used for promotional activities

Lesson 1

  • The lesson covers electric charge, Coulomb's law, electric field, and electric flux

Electric Charge

  • The word "electric" comes from the Greek word "elektron" which means "amber"
  • Charge is quantized
  • Every charge object to date is a whole number multiple of the charge of a single proton or electron
  • electron = -e = -1.60 x 10-19 C
  • proton = +e = +1.60 x 10-19 C
  • neutron = electrically neutral

Conservation of Electric Charge

  • The total charge in the universe remains constant
  • No physical process can cause a change in the total charge of the universe

The Structure of an Atom

  • Atoms contain protons, neutrons, and electrons

The Sub-atomic Particles

  • Relative size, mass (Kg), and charge (C) of protons, neutrons, and electrons are provided

Conductors and Insulators

  • Conductors: Allow charges to move freely
  • Insulators: Charges are not free to move
  • Examples of conductors are silver, gold, copper, steel, and sea water
  • Examples of insulators are rubber, glass, oil, diamond, and dry wood

Semiconductors

  • Semiconductors can behave as insulators or conductors
  • Examples include Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, and Tellurium

Superconductors

  • Superconductors have infinite conductivity to the flow of charge.
  • The current passes without losing energy at a critical temperature

Gravity and Electric Force

  • Origin of gravity is masses, origin of electric force is charges
  • Type of force of gravity is attractive, type of force of electric force is attractive/repulsive
  • Formula for gravity is F = Gm1m2/r2
  • Formula for electric force is F = Kq1q2/r2

Coulomb's Law

  • The magnitude of the electric force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between then
  • The formula for Coulomb's law is F = kq1q2/r2.
  • k = 8.99 × 109 Nm2/C2 and ε0 = permittivity of free space

Electric Field

  • The amount of electric force per charge
  • More field lines mean a stronger electric field
  • Electric field lines start on a positively charge and end on negatively charged object.
  • Electric field lines never cross

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