Physics: Kinematics and Dynamics

Kinematics

• Displacement: The shortest distance between the initial and final positions of an object.
• Distance: The total length of the path traveled by an object.
• Speed: The rate of change of distance with respect to time.
• Velocity: The rate of change of displacement with respect to time.
• Acceleration: The rate of change of velocity with respect to time.

Dynamics

• Force: A push or pull that causes an object to change its motion.
• Newton's First Law (Law of Inertia): An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue to move with a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an external force.
• Newton's Second Law (F = ma): The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force applied and inversely proportional to its mass.
• Newton's Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Energy and Work

• Kinetic Energy: The energy of motion, given by the equation: KE = (1/2)mv^2.
• Potential Energy: The energy of position or stored energy, given by the equation: PE = mgh.
• Work: The transfer of energy from one object to another, given by the equation: W = F × d.

Momentum

• Momentum: The product of an object's mass and velocity, given by the equation: p = mv.
• Conservation of Momentum: The total momentum of a closed system remains constant over time.

Rotational Motion

• Angular Velocity: The rate of change of angular displacement with respect to time.
• Angular Acceleration: The rate of change of angular velocity with respect to time.
• Torque: A rotational force that causes an object to rotate or twist.

Gravitation

• Universal Gravitation: Every point mass attracts every other point mass by a force acting along the line intersecting both points.
• Gravitational Potential Energy: The energy an object has due to its position in a gravitational field.

Kinematics

• Displacement is a vector quantity, measured in meters (m), and is the shortest distance between an object's initial and final positions.
• Distance is a scalar quantity, measured in meters (m), and is the total length of the path traveled by an object.
• Speed is a scalar quantity, measured in meters per second (m/s), and is the rate of change of distance with respect to time.
• Velocity is a vector quantity, measured in meters per second (m/s), and is the rate of change of displacement with respect to time.
• Acceleration is a vector quantity, measured in meters per second squared (m/s²), and is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time.

Dynamics

• Force is a push or pull that causes an object to change its motion, measured in Newtons (N).
• Newton's First Law (Law of Inertia) states that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue to move with a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an external force.
• Newton's Second Law (F = ma) states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force applied and inversely proportional to its mass.
• Newton's Third Law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Energy and Work

• Kinetic Energy (KE) is the energy of motion, measured in Joules (J), and is given by the equation: KE = (1/2)mv^2.
• Potential Energy (PE) is the energy of position or stored energy, measured in Joules (J), and is given by the equation: PE = mgh.
• Work is the transfer of energy from one object to another, measured in Joules (J), and is given by the equation: W = F × d.

Momentum

• Momentum is the product of an object's mass and velocity, measured in kilogram meters per second (kg m/s), and is given by the equation: p = mv.
• The Conservation of Momentum states that the total momentum of a closed system remains constant over time.

Rotational Motion

• Angular Velocity is the rate of change of angular displacement with respect to time, measured in radians per second (rad/s).
• Angular Acceleration is the rate of change of angular velocity with respect to time, measured in radians per second squared (rad/s²).
• Torque is a rotational force that causes an object to rotate or twist, measured in Newton meters (N m).

Gravitation

• Universal Gravitation states that every point mass attracts every other point mass by a force acting along the line intersecting both points.
• Gravitational Potential Energy is the energy an object has due to its position in a gravitational field, measured in Joules (J).