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Questions and Answers
What is the equation for kinetic energy?
What is the unit of work?
What is the product of an object's mass and velocity?
What is the force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact?
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What is the equation for acceleration?
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What is the type of motion with constant acceleration?
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What is the unit of torque?
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What is the concept that states an object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion?
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What is the type of energy an object has due to its position or state?
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What is the concept that states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction?
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Study Notes
Kinematics
- Study of motion without considering forces
- Describes motion in terms of:
- Displacement (distance from starting point)
- Velocity (rate of change of displacement)
- Acceleration (rate of change of velocity)
- Key concepts:
- Position-time graphs
- Velocity-time graphs
- Acceleration-time graphs
- Equations of motion:
- v = u + at
- s = ut + 0.5at^2
- v^2 = u^2 + 2as
Dynamics
- Study of motion considering forces
- Forces:
- Contact forces (normal force, friction, tension)
- Non-contact forces (gravity, electromagnetic)
- Newton's Laws:
- First Law (Inertia): An object at rest remains at rest, an object in motion remains in motion, unless acted upon by an external force.
- Second Law (F = ma): Force is equal to the mass of an object multiplied by its acceleration.
- Third Law (Action-Reaction): For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Energy and Work
- Energy:
- Kinetic energy (KE = 0.5mv^2)
- Potential energy (PE = mgh)
- Work:
- Done by a force on an object
- Calculated by W = F × d
- Unit: Joule (J)
Momentum
- Product of an object's mass and velocity
- Calculated by p = mv
- Conservation of momentum:
- In closed systems, total momentum remains constant
- Momentum is transferred from one object to another during collisions
Rotational Motion
- Rotational kinematics:
- Angular displacement (θ)
- Angular velocity (ω)
- Angular acceleration (α)
- Rotational dynamics:
- Torque (τ = r × F)
- Rotational kinetic energy (KE = 0.5Iω^2)
- Rotational inertia (I)
Oscillations and Vibrations
- Simple harmonic motion (SHM):
- Periodic motion with constant acceleration
- Examples: pendulum, spring-mass system
- Damped oscillations:
- SHM with energy loss due to friction
- Amplitude decreases with time
Kinematics
- Study of motion without considering forces
- Describes motion in terms of:
- Displacement (distance from starting point)
- Velocity (rate of change of displacement)
- Acceleration (rate of change of velocity)
- Key concepts:
- Position-time graphs: show the position of an object at different times
- Velocity-time graphs: show the velocity of an object at different times
- Acceleration-time graphs: show the acceleration of an object at different times
- Equations of motion:
- v = u + at: relates initial and final velocities, acceleration, and time
- s = ut + 0.5at^2: relates displacement, initial velocity, acceleration, and time
- v^2 = u^2 + 2as: relates initial and final velocities, acceleration, and displacement
Dynamics
- Study of motion considering forces
- Forces:
- Contact forces: normal force, friction, tension
- Non-contact forces: gravity, electromagnetic
- Newton's Laws:
- First Law (Inertia): an object maintains its state of motion unless acted upon by an external force
- Second Law (F = ma): force is proportional to the mass of an object and its acceleration
- Third Law (Action-Reaction): every action has an equal and opposite reaction
Energy and Work
- Energy:
- Kinetic energy (KE = 0.5mv^2): energy of motion
- Potential energy (PE = mgh): energy of position
- Work:
- Done by a force on an object, causing its displacement
- Calculated by W = F × d, measured in Joules (J)
Momentum
- Product of an object's mass and velocity (p = mv)
- Conservation of momentum:
- In closed systems, total momentum remains constant
- Momentum is transferred from one object to another during collisions
Rotational Motion
- Rotational kinematics:
- Angular displacement (θ): angle of rotation
- Angular velocity (ω): rate of change of angular displacement
- Angular acceleration (α): rate of change of angular velocity
- Rotational dynamics:
- Torque (τ = r × F): rotational force that causes angular acceleration
- Rotational kinetic energy (KE = 0.5Iω^2): energy of rotational motion
- Rotational inertia (I): measures an object's resistance to rotational motion
Oscillations and Vibrations
- Simple harmonic motion (SHM):
- Periodic motion with constant acceleration
- Examples: pendulum, spring-mass system
- Damped oscillations:
- SHM with energy loss due to friction
- Amplitude decreases with time
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Description
Quiz on kinematics, the study of motion without considering forces, and dynamics, the study of motion considering forces. Covers key concepts like position-time graphs, velocity-time graphs, and equations of motion.
