Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the two major developments in modern physics?
What are the two major developments in modern physics?
The speed of light is considered the upper limit of the speed of any object.
The speed of light is considered the upper limit of the speed of any object.
True
What is the primary focus of quantum mechanics?
What is the primary focus of quantum mechanics?
Physical phenomena at the atomic level.
A ______ quantity is defined in terms of a standard unit and cannot be defined in terms of other quantities.
A ______ quantity is defined in terms of a standard unit and cannot be defined in terms of other quantities.
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Match the following areas of engineering with their related field of physics:
Match the following areas of engineering with their related field of physics:
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What is the SI base unit for mass?
What is the SI base unit for mass?
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A derived unit is expressed solely in terms of base units.
A derived unit is expressed solely in terms of base units.
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What is the unit of temperature in the SI system?
What is the unit of temperature in the SI system?
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1 joule is equivalent to _____ kg m²/s².
1 joule is equivalent to _____ kg m²/s².
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Match the following SI base units with their corresponding quantities:
Match the following SI base units with their corresponding quantities:
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Course: Physics I (PHY111)
- Topic: Measurements, Units, and Dimensions
- Instructor: Dr. Shehab E. Ali
- Date: 7/10/2024
Assessment
- Final Exam: 40%
- Mid-Term Exam: 15%
- Course Work: 20%
- Practical Exam: 25%
- Reports and Assignments: 10%
- Lab and Lecture Works: 20%
- Final Lab Exam: 15%
- Total: 100%
Grading Scale
- A+: 97% and above
- A: 93% - 97%
- A-: 89% - 93%
- B+: 84% - 89%
- B: 80% - 84%
- B-: 76% - 80%
- C+: 73% - 76%
- C: 70% - 73%
- C-: 67% - 70%
- D+: 64% - 67%
- D: 60% - 64%
- F: Below 60%
Recourses
- Giambattista, A. (2020). Physics. NY: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
- Serway, R. A., Jewett, J. W., & Peroomian, V. (2019). Physics for scientists and engineers.
- https://www.ekb.eg
Course Outline
- Units and measurement
- Types of motions
- Laws of motion
- Applications of Newton's Laws
- Energy, Momentum, and Collisions
- Solids Mechanics (static equilibrium, elasticity, and mechanical properties of solids)
- Fluids Mechanics (density, pressure, viscosity, flow, and diffusion)
- Thermal Physics (Temperature, heat, and laws of thermodynamics)
- Modern Physics (Atomic and nuclear structure of matter; radioactivity; hazard and applications)
Introduction
- Why Study Physics?
- The Use of Mathematics
- Scientific Notation and Significant Figures
- Units
- Dimensional Analysis
- Approximation
- Graphs
Physics
- Branch of science dealing with nature and natural phenomena
- Deals with matter, energy, and their interactions
- Foundation of all sciences (metrology, astronomy, biology, chemistry...)
- Many technologies and medical procedures depend on physics
Physics and Measurement
- Based on experimental observations and quantitative measurements
- Objective: Find fundamental laws governing natural phenomena (e.g., gravitation law, electrostatic law, gas law) and use them to develop theories predicting future experiments
- Mathematics is the tool connecting theory and experiment
Physics and Measurement (Discrepancies)
- New theories are formulated when discrepancies between theory and experiment arise
- Theories are often satisfactory only under limited conditions
- More general theories can become satisfactory without these limitations
Classical Physics
- Theories, concepts, laws, and experiments in mechanics, thermodynamics, optics, electromagnetism developed before 1900
- Newton's contributions were significant, systematizing classical mechanics and developing calculus as a tool
- 18th-century advancements mainly in mechanics, while thermodynamics and electromagnetism developed later due to limitations in controlled experiments
Modern Physics
- Major revolution in physics near the end of the 19th century due to phenomena not explained by classical physics
- Two significant theories: relativity and quantum mechanics
- Einstein's theory of relativity: Explains motion at speeds comparable to light, fundamentally altering concepts of space, time, and energy, and establishing light as the universal speed limit
- Quantum mechanics: Describes physical phenomena at the atomic level, developed by various scientists
Relation of Physics to Other Fields
- Physics is fundamental to many other fields, including electrical engineering, chemical engineering, and mechanical engineering, as well as medicine
UNITS, STANDARDS, AND THE SI SYSTEM
- Base Quantities: Length, Time, Mass, Electric Current, Temperature, Amount of Substance, Luminous Intensity (defined in terms of standard units)
- Derived Quantities: Quantities defined in terms of base quantities (e.g., speed, acceleration)
Dimensions and Units
- Dimensions: Basic quantities (e.g., length, time, mass)
- Units: Standardized amounts of dimensions (e.g., meters, seconds, kilograms)
- SI Units: Standardized International System of units
SI Base Units
- (See Table 1.1 for details)
Prefixes
- Alternative writing method: using scientific notation
- Scientific notation: N × 10n where 1 ≤ N < 10 and n is an integer
Derived Units
- Combination of base units
- Example: Joule (energy) = 1 kg m²/s²
Converting Units
- Units can be converted freely
- Example conversions shown (e.g., inches to feet, cm, and kg to slugs, m to feet)
Converting
- Examples demonstrating conversions between different units (e.g., miles per hour to kilometers per hour and to meters per second)
The Use of Mathematics
- Variables x and y are multiplied or added; a y = mx + b format is common.
- Proportions: A is directly proportional to B: A α B
- A is inversely proportional to B: A α 1/B
Scientific Notation and Significant Figures
- Scientific notation: Represents very large or small numbers
- Example: 700,000 km = 7.0 × 105 km
- Example: 0.0000000000529 m = 5.29 × 10-11 m
Scientific Notation and Significant Figures
- Significant figures: Number of digits that represent measured values
- Rounding rules are applied during calculation (multiplication/division, addition/subtraction)
Dimensional Analysis
- Determines how a quantity depends on other quantities by analyzing their dimensions, such as length, time, or mass.
Dimensional Analysis Example
- Example problem illustrating use of dimensional analysis to determine how the period of a pendulum depends on mass, length, and acceleration due to gravity; with the units expressed as distance/time²
Approximation
- Physics problems often involve approximations as they are simplifications of real-world phenomena
- Estimates can be used to obtain satisfactory answers
Graphs
- Experimenters vary an independent variable and measure a dependent variable.
- Graphs plot the dependent variable against the independent variable.
- Axes are labeled with both the quantity and units.
Example Graphing Problem
- Example problem involves plotting and analyzing a temperature versus time graph.
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Description
Test your knowledge on measurements, units, and dimensions in Physics I (PHY111). This quiz will cover the key concepts discussed in the course, including types of motions and laws of motion. Prepare to assess your understanding of essential physics principles.
