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Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of physics?
What is the primary goal of physics?
Which of the following is classified as a derived physical quantity?
Which of the following is classified as a derived physical quantity?
In what year did the legal standard of length in France become the meter?
In what year did the legal standard of length in France become the meter?
What defines the meter as a standard unit of length?
What defines the meter as a standard unit of length?
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Which method is emphasized as the basis of physics?
Which method is emphasized as the basis of physics?
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How much work is done when a force of one Newton is applied over a displacement of one meter?
How much work is done when a force of one Newton is applied over a displacement of one meter?
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Which unit is equivalent to 4.186 Joules?
Which unit is equivalent to 4.186 Joules?
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What is the equivalent of 1 Btu in Joules?
What is the equivalent of 1 Btu in Joules?
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What is the definition of heat in thermodynamics?
What is the definition of heat in thermodynamics?
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How can heat flow be measured?
How can heat flow be measured?
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What does the equation $𝑚\frac{𝑣𝑥^{2}}{2} = 𝑘T$ represent in thermodynamics?
What does the equation $𝑚\frac{𝑣𝑥^{2}}{2} = 𝑘T$ represent in thermodynamics?
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What is the formula for calculating linear thermal expansion?
What is the formula for calculating linear thermal expansion?
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Which of the following substances has the highest thermal expansion coefficient?
Which of the following substances has the highest thermal expansion coefficient?
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In the context of thermal expansion of volume, which quantity is used?
In the context of thermal expansion of volume, which quantity is used?
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What substance exhibits negative thermal expansion?
What substance exhibits negative thermal expansion?
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Which process is NOT a cause of negative thermal expansion?
Which process is NOT a cause of negative thermal expansion?
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What is the expression for the volume of a substance undergoing thermal expansion?
What is the expression for the volume of a substance undergoing thermal expansion?
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Which type of vibration is NOT associated with negative thermal expansion?
Which type of vibration is NOT associated with negative thermal expansion?
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Which phase of quartz is stable at higher temperatures?
Which phase of quartz is stable at higher temperatures?
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What is the reason for the negative thermal expansion of water as it cools?
What is the reason for the negative thermal expansion of water as it cools?
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Which statement correctly describes the behavior of ice compared to water?
Which statement correctly describes the behavior of ice compared to water?
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What is the effect of thermal expansion in materials used for dental fillings?
What is the effect of thermal expansion in materials used for dental fillings?
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How does the geometry of an object affect thermal stresses?
How does the geometry of an object affect thermal stresses?
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What describes the relationship between stress, strain, and Young's modulus in materials?
What describes the relationship between stress, strain, and Young's modulus in materials?
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Which of the following best describes the application of thermochromatic materials?
Which of the following best describes the application of thermochromatic materials?
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In which process does the gas do no work when expanding?
In which process does the gas do no work when expanding?
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What condition results in positive work done by the gas?
What condition results in positive work done by the gas?
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What happens to the internal energy (∆U) of a gas during an isochoric process?
What happens to the internal energy (∆U) of a gas during an isochoric process?
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Which equation represents the work done during a quasi-static process?
Which equation represents the work done during a quasi-static process?
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What signifies a negative work done on the gas?
What signifies a negative work done on the gas?
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What is the molar heat capacity (C) formula for a gas undergoing a change in temperature?
What is the molar heat capacity (C) formula for a gas undergoing a change in temperature?
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During an adiabatic process, what occurs in relation to heat transfer?
During an adiabatic process, what occurs in relation to heat transfer?
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What does a negative slope in the phase diagram indicate concerning solidification?
What does a negative slope in the phase diagram indicate concerning solidification?
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In the Gibbs phase rule, what does the variable F represent?
In the Gibbs phase rule, what does the variable F represent?
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How does an increase in degree of freedom (F) affect a system?
How does an increase in degree of freedom (F) affect a system?
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What is indicated by a degree of freedom of zero in a system?
What is indicated by a degree of freedom of zero in a system?
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Which material contracts during solidification, according to the content?
Which material contracts during solidification, according to the content?
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What happens to the pressure on the melting or freezing point of a material that contracts during solidification?
What happens to the pressure on the melting or freezing point of a material that contracts during solidification?
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In a three-phase system, which of the following indicates that you are at equilibrium?
In a three-phase system, which of the following indicates that you are at equilibrium?
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Under which condition can a gas-liquid-solid system have a degree of freedom of zero?
Under which condition can a gas-liquid-solid system have a degree of freedom of zero?
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Course: Physics (I)
- Intended Audience: Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering Students
- Instructor: D\ Afaf Mahmoud Abd-Rabou, Associated Professor
- Institution: Physics Department-Faculty of Science – Helwan University
Evaluation
- Semester work: 20%
- Practical Exam: 30%
- Final Exam: 50%
Content
- Chapter 1: Units and dimension
- Chapter 2: Viscosity
- Chapter 3: Elasticity
- Chapter 4: Heat and Heat transferer
- Chapter 5: Thermodynamics
- Chapter 6: Application of first and Second law of thermodynamics
Chapter 1: Units and Dimension
-
Introduction:
- Objectives of physics: Finding laws governing natural phenomena and using them to develop theories.
- Basis of physics: Experimental observation and quantitative measurements.
- Questions to consider: What are physical laws expressed by? How can it be described? What happens if there is a discrepancy between theories and experiments?
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Standards of length, mass, and time:
- Historical standards: Yard (1120 AD), foot (King Louis XIV), and metre (1/10,000,000 of the Earth's radius).
- Modern standards: Platinum-iridium bar (1960), wavelengths of orange-red light emitted from krypton-86 (1970), and the distance light travels in a given time (1983).
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Physical Quantities:
- Standard physical quantities: Length, mass, and time.
- Derived physical quantities: Velocity, acceleration, density, etc.
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Reporting Physical Quantities:
- SI Units: Metres (m) for length, kilograms (kg) for mass, and seconds (s) for time.
- Additional SI Units: Ampere (A) for electric current, Kelvin (K) for temperature, mole (mol) for amount of substance and candela (cd) for luminous intensity.
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Example Units and Conversions:
- 1 mile = 1609 m = 1.609 km
- 1 foot = 0.3048 m = 30.48 cm
- 1 inch = 2.54 cm = 0.0254 m
Chapter 1 (Continued):
-
Mass:
- Defined by a specific platinum-iridium alloy cylinder maintained at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures.
-
Masses of Different Objects:
- Data on the masses of varying objects, from the observable universe to subatomic particles (e.g., Universe ~ 10^52 kg, Hydrogen atom ~ 1.67 x 10^-27 kg, Electron ~ 9.11 x 10^-31 kg).
Chapter 1 (Continued):
-
Time:
- Historical: Mean solar day (prior to 1960)
- Modern: Defined by the characteristic frequency of the cesium-133 atom (1967) in terms of the period of vibration of radiation.
- Time Intervals: -Approximate Values of Some Time Intervals, ranging from the age of the universe to the time needed for light to cross a proton.
Other Information
-
Additional Content:
- The remaining chapters and/or topics are not covered in the provided pages.
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Description
Test your understanding of the basic principles of physics with this quiz. Answer questions about the goals of physics, derived physical quantities, and the history of measurement standards. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their knowledge of foundational physics concepts.
